【摘要】 采用赣北植棉区棉农常用的3种板地直播方式[开沟条播(A)、竹筒点播(B)、开沟点播(E)]与新研发的2种棉花板地直播种植方式[打洞穴播盖肥(C)、打洞穴播盖土(D)]进行棉花种植,通过比较分析不同直播方式下用时、劳动强度、用种量以及棉花出苗率和各生育期性状的差异性,从中筛选出适合赣北植棉区的板地直播方式,以期减轻棉农植棉劳动强度,减少用工投入,增加植棉效益。结果表明,5种不同板地直播方式对棉花农艺性状、纤维品质影响不显著;各直播方式出苗率都在85%以上(A除外),出苗都较好;A方式表现为较省工不省力,且受棉田墒情影响较大;B方式表现为省工省力,但对棉田墒情有严格要求,需视土壤墒情使用;C方式表现为省力较省工,综合表现较好;D方式表现为较省工不省力,且对棉田墒情要求较高;E方式表现为省工不省力,受棉田墒情影响较大。综合分析,打洞穴播盖肥(C)和竹筒点播(B)这2种板地直播种植方式综合表现较好,达到了轻简化种植的目的,适合大面积种植使用,可进一步在赣北植棉区示范推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three kinds of direct seeding planting methods commonly used by cotton farmers(code A:trench strip sowing,code B:bamboo tube on-demand,code E:trench on demand)and two new kinds of cotton board direct seeding planting methods(code C:burrowing sowing with covering fertilizer,code D:burrowing sowing with covering soil) in northern Jiangxi province were used planting cotton. The using time,labor intensity,amount of seeds weight,emergence rate and agronomic traits of cotton under different direct seeding mode was compared to find a suitable way for direct seeding planting to reduce the labor intensity of cotton farmers,reduce the labor input and increase the benefit of cotton planting in northern Jiangxi. The results showed that five different direct seeding planting methods had no significant effect on the agronomic characters and fiber quality of cotton,and the emergence rate of each direct seeding method was better,above 85%(except A). The performance of mode A was less saving time and not saving effort,which was greatly affected by cotton field moisture. The performance of mode B was saving time and effort,but it had strict requirements for cotton field moisture,which was used according to soil moisture. The comprehensive performance of mode C was better,which was saving time and less saving effort. The performance of mode D was less saving time and not saving effort,which had strict requirements for cotton field moisture. The performance of mode E was saving time and not saving effort,which was greatly affected by cotton field moisture. Comprehensive analysis,burrowing sowing with covering fertilizer(code C)and bamboo tube on-demand(code B)had good comprehensive performance. They achieve the purpose of light simplification of planting,which are suitable for large area planting and further demonstrated and popularized in cotton-planting area of northern Jiangxi.更多还原