【摘要】 【目的】分析肺形侧耳种质资源拮抗反应和遗传多样性,为肺形侧耳种质资源鉴定、合理利用和优良菌株遗传选育等提供参考依据。【方法】分别通过拮抗反应和RAPD分子标记对41个肺形侧耳菌株进行鉴定及遗传多样性分析,并对这2种方法的聚类分析结果进行比对及相关性分析。【结果】拮抗反应试验结果显示,仅有少数菌株与其他菌株间出现明显拮抗反应,多数菌株间无拮抗反应或拮抗较弱,可能存在同种异名的现象。基于拮抗反应进行聚类分析,结果显示在遗传相似性系数0.65处,可将41个肺形侧耳菌株分为五大类群,第Ⅰ和Ⅲ类群分别包括1个菌株,第Ⅱ类群包括31个菌株,第Ⅳ类群包括4个菌株,第Ⅴ类群包括4个菌株,拮抗反应明显的肺形侧耳菌株聚在不同的类群,无拮抗反应或拮抗反应弱的菌株则聚在同一类群里。RAPD分析结果显示,15条RAPD引物共扩增出117个位点,多态性位点有96个,多态性比例为82.1%;41个肺形侧耳菌株遗传相似系数为0.51～1.00,在遗传相似系数0.84处可将41个肺形侧耳菌株分为五大类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群包括3个菌株,第Ⅱ类群包括4个菌株,第Ⅲ类群包括6个菌株,第Ⅳ类群仅包括1个菌株,剩余的菌株属于第Ⅴ类群,结合拮抗反应试验结果发现有明显拮抗反应的菌株聚在不同类群。拮抗反应和RAPD分析的聚类结果具有显著相关性(r=0.674,t=5.95),表明拮抗反应和RAPD分子和标记在反映肺形侧耳种质资源遗传多样性上具有较强的一致性,均能很好体现肺形侧耳种质的遗传关系。【结论】肺形侧耳菌株存在同种异名和同名异种现象。在实际生产中可选择亲缘关系较远的材料作为亲本菌株,以增加后代的遗传变异,从而选育出综合性状优良的肺形侧耳菌株。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The object of this study was to analyze the antagonistic reaction and genetic diversity of Pleurotus pulmonarius germplasms,and provide reference for the identification,reasonable utilization of germplasms and genetically breeding of P. pulmonarius strains.【Method】Forty-one strains of P. pulmonarius were analyzed by antagonistic reaction and RAPD molecular markers on their identification and genetic diversity. And the cluster analysis results of the two methods were compared and correlated.【Result】The results of the antagonistic reaction test showed that there were obvious antagonistic reactions among some strains of P. pulmonarius,but there were no antagonistic reactions or weak antagonistic reactions among most strains. Also,phenomenons of synonym possibly existed in the P. pulmonarius germplasms. Cluster analysis based on antagonistic reaction showed that 41 strains of P. pulmonarius could be clustered into five groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.65. Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ included 1 strain respectively,group Ⅱ included31 strains,group IV included 4 strains,and group V included 4 strains. The strains with obvious antagonistic reaction were clustered in different groups,the strains with no antagonistic reaction or weak response or antagonism were clustered in the same group. A total of 117 sites were amplified by 15 RAPD primers,96 of which were polymorphic,with a polymorphism rate of 82.1%. The genetic similarity coefficient of the 41 strains of P. pulmonarius ranged from 0.51 to 1.00,and cluster analysis showed that the tested strains could be divided into five groups at the level of genetic similarity 0.84.Group Ⅰ included 3 strains,group Ⅱ included 4 strains,group Ⅲ included 6 strains,group Ⅳ included only 1 strain,and the remaining strains belonged to group Ⅴ. Strains with antagonistic reaction clustered in different groups in RAPD cluster analysis. The clustering results of antagonistic response and RAPD analysis were significantly correlated(r=0.674,t=5.95),indicating that there was closely accordance between antagonistic reaction and RAPD molecular markers analysis,suggesting both analysis could well reflect the genetic relationship of P. pulmonarius germplasms.【Conclusion】Phenomenon of different species with the same names and different names with the same species exist in P. pulmonarius. In actual production,germplasms with far genetic distance can be selected as parents to increase the genetic variation of the offspring,so as to breed the strains of P. pulmonarius with good comprehensive characters.更多还原