【摘要】 【目的】探究4种叶面肥不同施用时期和施用次数对寒地粳稻产量和品质的影响,为叶面肥在寒地水稻高产优质栽培上的应用提供参考依据。【方法】以水稻品种垦粳7号为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,以清水处理作为对照（CK）,设7个叶面肥喷施处理[2次喷施处理:分别于齐穗期和齐穗后15 d各喷施1次雷力（Y1）、战氏（Y2）和KH₂PO₄（Y3）;4次喷施处理:分别于拔节期、齐穗期、齐穗后10和20 d各喷施1次雷力（Y4）、战氏（Y5）、KH₂PO₄（Y6）和ND叶面肥（Y7）];成熟期选取有代表性的植株进行考种,并测定稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质及食味品质。【结果】从产量来看,各叶面肥处理均可提高水稻产量,其中Y4、Y5、Y6和Y7处理的实际产量分别较CK提高8.84%、7.31%、8.10%和8.33%,差异达显著水平（P<0.05）。从品质来看,施用雷力（Y1和Y4）和KH₂PO₄（Y3和Y6）处理的糙米率随着施用次数增加呈上升趋势,Y4处理可极显著提高糙米率（P<0.01,下同）;Y7处理可极显著降低垩白度与垩白粒率;Y1处理降低蛋白质含量最明显;Y4处理降低直链淀粉含量最明显;食味评分表现为Y2>Y3>Y4>Y1>CK>Y6>Y7>Y5。【结论】不同时期喷施不同叶面肥对寒地粳稻产量均有提升作用,但对加工和外观品质及食味评分有不同影响。其中,喷施4次雷力叶面肥对寒地粳稻产量和品质的综合提升效果最佳,在寒地水稻生产中具有较好的推广价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To explore the effects of four foliar fertilizers on japonica rice yield and quality in cold region at different application periods and application times,and to provide theoretical basis for the application of foliar fertilizers in high yield and high quality cultivation of rice in cold regions.【Method】Taking rice variety Kenjing 7 as the experimental material,single factor random block test design was adopted,and clear water treatment was used as the control（CK）,the other seven foliar fertilizer spraying treatments were set[two spraying treatments:Leili（Y1）,Zhanshi（Y2）and KH₂PO₄（Y3）were sprayed once at the full heading period and 15 d after full heading period,four spraying treatments:at the jointing period,full heading period,10 and 20 d after full heading period,respectively,one time of application of Leili（Y4）,Zhanshi（Y5）,KH₂PO₄（Y6）and ND foliar fertilizer（Y7）was applied]. At the mature period,representative plants were selected for investigation,and the processing quality,appearance quality,nutrition quality and taste quality of rice were determined.【Result】In terms of yield,all foliar fertilizer treatments could improve rice yield,and the actual yields of Y4,Y5,Y6 and Y7 treatments were 8.84%,7.31%,8.10% and 8.33% higher than that of CK respectively,with significant differences（P<0.05）. From the perspective of quality,the rate of brown rice treated with Leili（Y1 and Y4）and KH₂PO₄（Y3 and Y6）increased with the increase of application times,and the rate of brown rice treated with Y4 extremely increased（P<0.01,the same below）. The chalkiness degree and chalkiness rice rate could be extremely reduced by Y7 treatment. The most obvious decrease in protein content was found in Y1 treatment. The most obvious decrease in amylose content was in Y4 treatment. The food taste score was Y2>Y3>Y4>Y1>CK>Y6>Y7>Y5.【Conclusion】Spraying different foliar fertilizers in different periods has an effect on rice yield in cold regions,but has different effects on processing and appearance quality and food taste score. Among them,four times of application of Leili foliar fertilizer has the best effect on the comprehensive improvement of yield and quality of japonica rice in cold region,and has good promotion value in rice production in cold region.更多还原