【摘要】 【目的】深入了解云南育成小麦品种(系)的品质性状遗传多样性水平及其综合品质,为拓宽云南小麦品质遗传基础和选育不同类型的优质小麦新品种提供理论依据。【方法】以2008—2018年参加云南省小麦区域试验的171份品种(系)为试验材料,通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)计算、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析、逐步回归分析及线性回归分析等对云南育成小麦的13个品质性状进行多样性分析与综合评价,并剖析主要品质性状的演变规律。【结果】云南育成小麦品种(系)13个品质性状的H’为1.555～2.060,平均为1.916,其中粗蛋白含量的H’最大,稳定时间的H’最小,且地麦品种(系)的品质性状遗传多样性高于田麦品种(系)。在欧式距离3.0处可将171份云南育成小麦品种(系)分为六大类群,大部分供试小麦按栽培类型聚类在一起,少部分交错分布在每个类群中。小麦品种(系)的品质性状综合评价值(D)越高,其综合品质性状越优,具体排序为强筋小麦>中强筋小麦>中筋小麦>弱筋小麦。容重、粗蛋白含量、吸水率、评价值和延伸性等5个品质性状作为自变量的变化能解释D总变异的97.83%,可作为云南小麦品质综合表现的评价指标,其中,吸水率随参试年度推移呈不明显的降低趋势,容重、粗蛋白含量、评价值和延伸性均随参试年度推移呈上升趋势。【结论】云南育成小麦品种(系)品质性状具有较高的遗传多样性,容重、粗蛋白含量、吸水率、评价值和延伸性等5个品质性状可作为云南小麦品质综合表现的评价指标。综合品质性状较优的云麦109和凤1128可作为云南小麦品质育种的首选亲本资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis for broadening the genetical basis and breeding different types of high-quality wheat varieties in Yunnan,the genetic diversity and comprehensive quality characters of wheat varieties(lines)were analyzed and comprehensively evaluated.【Method】Totally,diversity analysis and comprehensive analysis on the 13 quality traits of 171 varieties(lines)which were bred during 2008 and 2018 in Yunnan wheat regional test were conducted by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’),cluster analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,stepwise regression and linear regression. The evolution principle of main quality traits were also analyzed.【Result】H’ of 13 quality traits of wheat varieties(lines)in Yunnan ranged from 1.555 to 2.060 with the average index was1.916. The largest H’ was the grain protein content while the smallest H’ was the dough stability time. Meanwhile,the genetic diversity of the quality traits of the upland wheat varieties(lines)was slightly higher than that of the field wheat varieties(lines). The 171 wheat varieties(lines)could be clustered into 6 categories at the euclidean distance 3.0 by 13 quality traits. Most of the varieties(lines)were clustered by their cultivated type while others staggered distributed in different group. The higher comprehensive evaluation value(D value),the better quality characters of the wheat varieties(lines),the rank was strong gluten wheat>medium strong gluten wheat>medium gluten wheat>weak gluten wheat. As five quality traits(testing weight,grain protein content,water abstraction of flour,evaluation value and extensibility)explained 97.83%of the total variance,they could be used as the comprehensive performance evaluation indexes for wheat varieties in Yunnan. Among which,the water abstraction of flour appeared a not obvious lower trend while testing weight,grain protein content,evaluation value and extensibility appeared a rise trends along with the test years went on.【Conclusion】There is a high genetic diversity in the quality characters of wheat varieties(lines)bred in Yunnan. Five quality traits,testing weight,grain protein content,water abstraction of flour,evaluation value and extensibility,can be used as the comprehensive performance evaluation indexes for wheat varieties in Yunnan. Yunmai 109 and Feng 1128,which have better comprehensive quality characters,can be used as the preferred parental resources in wheat quality breeding in Yunnan.更多还原