【摘要】 政策执行何以陷入"困局"?本研究针对政策困境提出政策"困局"的概念,重点强调横向协调失败所造成的政策执行困境,并引入行动者网络理论进行解析。通过构建"行动者转译偏差"的分析框架,遵循"政策文本—行动者网络构建—行动者转译—政策结果"的思维模式,对政策"困局"的形成机制进行解析。研究发现,政策行动者根据政策文本的需要而进行行动者网络构建,并对政策相关内容进行转译。在理想化的转译中,网络中的行动者能够通过"强制通行点"达到政策实施的理想化目标,形成执行的理想化局面,导致理想化的政策结果。但由于现实中行动者内部的文本高压和目标替代、行动者外部的场域影响与认知偏差、行动者之间的利益博弈与讨价还价这些"阻碍机制"的影响,使得政策行动者无法达成理想化转译的"强制通行点"而走向离散的执行网络结构,从而最终陷于"转译偏差"的政策困局。本文运用田野观察以及实地访谈的方法,对S市"1+2"托育政策执行进行调研分析,进一步印证了上述行动者转译偏差的执行困局。更多还原

【Abstract】 Why is the implementation of the policy in a "dilemma"?In view of the policy dilemma,this study puts forward the concept of policy "dilemma",emphasizes the policy implementation dilemma caused by the failure of horizontal coordination,and introduces the Actor-Network-Theory to analyze it. By constructing the analytical framework of "Deviation of Actor-translation"and following the thinking mode of "policy text—actor-network construction—actor-translation—policy results",this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of policy "dilemma". The study found that policy actors construct the actor-network according to the needs of the policy text,and translate the policy-related content. In the idealized translation,the actors in the network can achieve the idealized goal of policy implementation through the "obligatory passage point",form an idealized situation of implementation,and lead to idealized policy results. However,due to the influence of"hindrance mechanisms"such as high pressure of text and objective-substitute within actors,field influence and cognitive bias outside actors and interest-games and bargaining among actors,policy actors are unable to reach the "obligatory passage point"of idealized translation and move towards a discrete implementation network structure,thus finally trapped in the policy dilemma of "translation deviation".By using the methods of field observation and on-the-spot interview,this paper makes an investigation and analysis on the implementation of the "1+2"childcare policy in S city,which further proves the difficulties in the implementation of deviation of actor-translation.更多还原