【摘要】 近自然林业理论产生于德国,诞生于历史悠久的人工林实践和理论探索。采用思想史综述、理论内涵分析、对照分析的方法探索近自然林业理论中国化途径。综述德国林业思想史,认为近自然林业思想脱胎于农业种植,吸收森林恒续和森林多效益思想而成熟。分析德国近自然林业理论内涵,认为其核心在于单株作业、目标直径收获、保持适量枯木,即林中育木。对照分析我国森林多效益论述和分类经营实际,认为我国一些森林类型适用或部分适用近自然林业理论,一些类型需要借鉴其思想而创新理论,其余类型需要参照森林恒续视角寻求新突破。最后指出,我国人工林规模世界上最大,更应该大力借鉴德国近自然林业思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of close to nature forestry originated in Germany and sprouted from the practice and theoretical exploration of plantation forest with a long history.This paper explores the ways of sinicization of close to nature forestry theory by means of ideological process review,theoretical connotation analysis and comparative analysis.The development process of German forestry thought is summarized,and it is considered that close to nature forestry thought is derived from agricultural planting,and is mature by absorbing the idea of forest permanence and forest multi-benefit.Based on the analysis of the connotation of close to nature forestry theory in Germany,it is believed that the core of close to nature forestry lies in individual plant operation,target diameter harvest,and maintenance of appropriate amount of dead wood,that is,forest tree cultivation.By comparing and analyzing the multi-benefit discussion and classified management practice of China’s forests,it is concluded that some forest types in China are applicable or partially applicable to the theory of close to nature forestry,some types need to draw lessons from their ideas and innovate theories,and others need to seek new breakthroughs from the perspective of constant continuity.Finally,it is pointed out that China’s plantation scale is the largest in the world,so we should learn from Germany’s experience.更多还原