【摘要】 目的:分析2018年北京市某小学一起水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征和传播因素。方法:现场流行病学调查,收集全校学生基本信息,采用回顾性队列研究方法分析暴发相关危险因素。结果:疫情共持续32 d,有两个发病高峰,学生罹患率2.11%,全校仅有1.68%学生无免疫史,有2剂接种史占48.5%,总2剂应急接种率42.0%。指示病例所在班级罹患率高于其他班级(RR=15.38,95%CI:6.22～38.00),指示病例所在乐队罹患率高于非乐队(RR=10.28,95%CI:4.11～25.73)。接种2剂比接种小于2剂增加77.6%的保护率。结论:接种2剂次水痘疫苗对控制小学生的水痘发病水平具有良好的效果。建议实施2剂水痘疫苗免疫程序并将其纳入免疫规划。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and transmission factors of a varicella outbreak in a primary school in Beijing in 2018. Methods: Field epidemiological survey was conducted to collect the basic information of the whole school students, and retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the risk factors related to the outbreak. Results: The epidemic lasted for 32 days, and there were two peaks. The incidence rate of the students was 2.11%. Only 1.68% of the students had no immunization history, 48.5% had two doses of vaccination, and the total emergency vaccination rate was 42.0%. The incidence rate of the students in the class of indication case was higher than that in other classes(RR= 15.38, 95% CI: 6.22-38.00). The incidence rate of the staff in the band of the indication case was higher than that in the non band(RR=10.28, 95% CI: 4.11-25.73). The protection rate of inoculated 2 doses was 77.6% higher than that of inoculated less than 2 doses. Conclusion: Vaccination with 2 doses of varicella vaccine has a good effect on controlling the incidence of varicella in primary school students. It is suggested that two doses of varicella vaccine immunization program should be implemented and included in the immunization program.更多还原