【摘要】 利用WIOD数据库及KWW分解框架对1995～2011年中国总出口额进行分解,得到35个部门出口增加值。在此基础上,从两种统计方式对比角度,测算分析了中国总体及不同行业的增加值比较优势(VRCA)与贸易总额比较优势(TRCA),同时与美国进行对比。研究结果表明,在增加值贸易统计方式下,中国总体对外贸易表现为比较劣势,制造业部门VRCA较为明显但长期呈下降趋势,服务业VRCA呈上升趋势,1995～2011年间部分部门的比较优势出现逆转。相对于VRCA,TRCA对中国总体对外贸易真实比较优势高估了约12.94%,制造业部门的比较优势高估程度更大;从行业分类来看,中国低技术制造业及劳动密集型服务业的比较优势更为显著。从中美对比来看,美国总体VRCA与中国水平相当,但其优势部门集中于中高技术制造业与知识密集型服务业;总额统计方式低估了美国总体尤其是服务业部门的真实比较优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the WIOD database and the KWW decomposition framework,this study calculates value added exports of 35 sectors in China from 1995 to 2011,and accordingly to get the VRCA.We also calculate the TRCA to trace the differences and dynamic characteristics of China’s comparative advantage under two statistical methods.To explore the differences between industries,this paper classifies manufacture and service industries according to their technology and factor endowments respectively.Besides,we select the United States as a reference.According to the results,China has a comparative disadvantage in the overall industry under the value added trade statistics.The manufacturing industry have significant comparative advantages but with a declining trend,and the comparative advantage of service industry is on the rise.Some sectors have a reversion in its comparative advantage.Compared with VRCA,TRCA obviously overestimated the true comparative advantage of China’s overall industry approximately to 12.94%.This overestimation is much larger in manufacturing sectors due to the prevalence of processing trade.From the industrial classification perspective,the advantage of low-tech manufacturing and labor-intensive service sectors in China is much higher in benefit of the "demographic dividend".Compared with China,the main advantage sectors in the United States are concentrated in the service sectors though its overall VRCA level is close to China under the value-added trade statistics.The comparative advantages of medium-high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive service industries are more significant in the United States relying on its advance science and technologies.The TRCA underestimated the real comparative advantage of the United States,particularly in service sectors.更多还原