【摘要】 通过旱作大棚试验,研究不同滴灌系统布置、水肥供应模式对冬油菜生长、产量、土壤水分及理化性质的影响。采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,设置3种滴灌毛管布置方式:G1（一管一行）、G2（一管两行）和G3（一管三行）,3个灌水水平:W1（50%ET₀）、W2（75%ET₀）和W3（100%ET₀）,以及3个施肥水平:F1(N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O∶H₃BO₃为300∶190∶110∶8 kg·hm^-2)、F2(N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O∶H₃BO₃为450∶280∶160∶12 kg·hm^-2)和F3(N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O∶H₃BO₃为600∶380∶220∶15 kg·hm^-2),研究油菜生长发育、生理指标、干物质量、产量及水肥利用对不同滴灌施肥模式的响应。结果表明:相比滴灌毛管布置方式,灌水量和施肥量对油菜生理生长、产量有显著影响,油菜生长量、产量随灌水量增加而增加,高水（W3）处理更有利于油菜生长但其水分利用效率明显低于中水和低水处理,W1处理平均水分利用效率较W2和W3高37.73%和76.36%。生长量和产量与施肥量呈正相关,高水高肥G1W3F3处理产量最高,为5 430 kg·hm^-2;G2W2F3处理产量为5 400 kg·hm^-2,较G1W3F3处理产量虽低0.5%却节水25%,有较高的水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力。综合分析可知,从节水高产经济的角度考虑,G2W2F3的滴灌施肥模式可作为本试验条件下较合适的滴灌施肥模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of different drip irrigation system layout and water and fertilizer supply patterns on winter rape growth, yield, soil moisture, and physical and chemical properties were studied by dry-crop greenhouse experiment. A 3×3 orthogonal experimental design was adopted including three kinds of drip irrigation pipeline layouts of G1（one tube and one row）, G2（one tube and two rows）, and G3（one tube and three rows）, three irrigation levels of W1（50% ET₀）, W2（75% ET₀） and W3（100% ET₀）, and 3 fertilization levels（N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O∶H₃BO₃） of F1（300∶190∶110∶8 kg·hm²）, F2（450∶280∶160∶12 kg·hm²）, and F3（600∶380∶220∶15 kg·hm²）.We studied the rape growth and development, physiological indicators, dry matter quality, yield, water and fertilizer use response to different drip fertigation modes. The results showed that, irrigation and fertilization had significant effects on rape physiological growth, and yield compared to capillary layout. Rape growth and yield increased with increasing irrigation. High water（W3） treatment was more conducive to rape growth. The efficiency was obviously lower than that of the middle and low water treatments. The average water use efficiency of W1 treatment was 37.73% and 76.36% higher than that of W2 and W3. The growth and yield were positively correlated with the fertilization amount. The maximum yield was 5 430 kg·hm^-2 in G1 W3 F3 treatment. G2 W2 F3 treatment had a yield of 5 400 kg·hm^-2, which was 0.5% lower than G1 W3 F3 treatment did but saved 25% of water, and had higher water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity.According to the comprehensive analysis, from the perspective of high water-saving economy, the combination of G2 W2 F3 can be used as a suitable drip fertigation mode under the experimental conditions.更多还原