【摘要】 【目的】针对目前黄土高原坡面流由于水深、流速等量测困难给研究带来的问题,探讨黄土高原坡面侵蚀的特点。【方法】利用土壤侵蚀力学、水力学、泥沙运动力学及相似论的基本原理,从径流、侵蚀输沙、入渗等角度初步设计了紊流条件下坡面非常规比尺模型(几何比尺小于1),并对其径流过程进行了验证。【结果】在正态条件下,满足几何、糙率等相似条件下建造的坡面模型;在试验条件下,其水流连续性、惯性力重力比、惯性力阻力比等基本相似。【结论】坡面非常规比尺模型可以为坡面流水力学特性的研究提供一种新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Measuring surface and subsurface water flow over slopes in loess plateau is difficult and problematic, and the objective of this paper is to present a non-conventional physical model to experimentally measure water and soil erosion involved in overflow in slope in loess plateau.【Method】The geometric scale of the physical model is less than 1 and it was designed based on the principles of soil-erosion mechanics, hydraulics, sediment transport and similarity theorem, considering surface runoff, sediment erosion and transport, as well as water infiltration, under turbulent flow condition. Performance of the model was verified against experimental data.【Result】Under the designed experimental conditions, flow continuity, ratio of inertia force to gravity, as well as the ratio of inertia to resistance were similar to those in the slope model constructed under normal condition with similar geometry and surface roughness.【Conclusion】The non-conventional scale physical model provides an alternative to study hydraulic properties of overflow in slopes in loess plateau.更多还原