【摘要】 恩格斯历史唯物主义法律观形成的独特之路,主要表现在他的青年时期。恩格斯法律世界观的形成和发展过程,是家庭、学校、深刻的时代背景、社会发展的历史必然性和本人自身的多重因素影响使然。青年恩格斯洞见了经济因素在包括法律发展在内的社会发展中的决定作用,洞见了物质利益、私有制和生产方式是资本主义法律的经济基础,从而为我们找到了一把揭秘法律本质的重要锁钥。"法律压迫穷人,富人管理法律",这一至理名言深刻地反映了资本主义法治的阶级属性。法治在理论和实践中表现出极端矛盾的现实状况表明,英国这个最文明、最典型的资本主义国家根本不是什么"法治国"。无产阶级要彻底改变自己受压迫、受剥削的非人境遇,彻底挣脱资本主义法制桎梏,只能通过自身的力量来实现。工人阶级反抗资产阶级的斗争经过了从单个人的斗争到组织起来的运动、从反对个别厂主到反对整个资本主义法律制度、从合法到"非法"(暴力)的斗争形式的过程。恩格斯勾勒了未来社会法治的理想图景,那就是:要认真和公正地处理一切社会问题,努力提高所有人的生活水平,使每个人都能自由地发展他的人的本性。这是马克思主义一以贯之的主要思想,也是历史唯物主义法律观的最高目的和最终价值追求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Engels’s early legal thoughts informed by historical materialism were shaped by such factors as his family background,his school education,the historical and social conditions,and his personal aptitudes and endeavors.His thoughts on law are full of insightful observations like:the economic factors play a decisive role in the social development including the evolution of law;and the law is based on the material interests,private ownership,and manner of production in a capitalist society,where the rich rules the law which governs the poor.This inequality indicates that typical capitalist countries like England were not a real"rule of law"country at all.What the proletariat there should do is unite to eradicate such an unequal and unjust legal system.Engels painted such a picture of an ideal society in the future:any social problem should be handled in a serious and just manner,and the livelihood of all the people should be so improved that they can enjoy a free development.This is the thread running through different phases of Marxism and the ultimate goal envisioned by the outlook on law based on historical materialism.更多还原