【摘要】 冯友兰将逻辑分析的方法运用于中国哲学,其创立的新理学非常强调形式主义的特征。新理学的方法包括"正底方法"以及"负底方法",其中"正底方法"是形式主义的方法,而"负底方法"是直觉主义的方法。冯友兰理想中的世界哲学是正负方法结合的哲学。想要达到这样的世界哲学理想必须解决"负底方法"的界定以及正负方法如何统一的问题。通过对"烘云托月"以及康德批判法的考察可以发现,逻辑的否定性命题并不适用于"负底方法"。道家和禅宗的方法虽然有超越的层面,但它们所讲的直觉和顿悟很难与形式主义联系起来。借助"具体共相"的概念,冯友兰尝试使哲学命题能够在其形式性的特征中容纳自身的特殊内容,但这只是思维理路的内在变化,跟中国传统哲学的性与天道和修养功夫相差较远。因为在价值倾向方面,冯友兰始终要把逻辑分析放在基础位置,所以使得禅宗的四料简、四宾主以及诗的比、兴这些最符合"负底方法"的哲学最终没能显示出作为未来的世界哲学的潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Feng Youlan researches Chinese philosophy with the method of logical analysis.He especially emphasized the formalist meaning in “new rational philosophy”.The method of new rational philosophy includes positive method and negative method.The positive method is formalistic while the negative method is intuitionistic.In Feng Youlan’s opinion,philosophy should combine positive method and negative method.In order to achieve this goal,we must consider how to define the negative method.Through the research of "setting off the moon with clouds" and Kant’s critical method,we found that logical negative propositions are not suitable for negative method.Taoist method and Zen method have the connotation of transcendence,but intuition and epiphany have nothing to do with formalism.For the concept of "concrete universal",Feng Youlan tries to unity formalism and intuitionism,but it still has little contact with the tao of heaven and maintenance effort.Because he tends to put the analysis in the most important position,so the method of poetry and zen didn’t bring their potential into full play.更多还原