【摘要】 2019年对崇明地区中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）养殖周期内4口池塘水环境进行跟踪监测,对其水环境质量进行了评价,并估算了养殖生产所产生的氮、磷负荷。结果显示:蟹塘水体中总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)样品超标率分别为88.46%、50%和80.77%,重金属指标符合相关渔业水质标准,蟹塘底质相关指标均符合淡水养殖产地环境条件。蟹塘水质与引水河道相当,底质优于引水河道。蟹塘氮、磷表观负荷范围分别为-36.89～39.57 kg/hm²和-1.17～4.61 kg/hm²,蟹塘之间差异明显,与养殖池塘水质和排水量差异有关。氮、磷环境总负荷范围分别为178.37～244.23 kg/hm²和36.55～65.08 kg/hm²,与饲料投喂量及氮、磷利用率有关,崇明蟹塘投喂饲料中氮、磷的平均利用率分别为12.13%和3.02%,输入到池塘的氮和磷分别有46.08%和25.18%被水草利用,底质沉积、氮挥发以及被底栖等其它生物利用的N和P分别占比达28.41%和65.22%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chongming island is committed to be built into a world-class ecological island with beautiful ecological environment and efficient utilisation of resources.A total o four Elodea nuttallii culture ponds in Chongming area were monitored constantly in an complete breeding cycle in 2019 to help to achieve the aim of improving the water environment.Aquaculture environmental quality,nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） load had been evaluated and estimated.The results showed that the over-limit ratio of total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorus（TP） and permanganate index(COD_Mn) in pond water were 88.46%,50% and 80.77% respectively.Heavy metals in pond water meet the relevant fishery standards.Sediment environmental quality of crab pond confirmed with the environmental conditions of the fresh-water farming area.Water quality of crab pond was similar to its source water channel.Pond sediment has better quality than the river channel.Rang of the apparent load of N and P in crab pond were-36.89～39.57 kg/hm² and-1.17～4.61 kg/hm²,respectively,which had significant difference between four ponds.The apparent load of N and P were mainly affected by pond water quality and discharge quantity.Range of total environmental load of N and P were 178.37～244.23 kg/hm² and 36.55～65.08 kg/hm²,which were mainly related to the feed quantity and nutrient utilization ratio.The utilization ratio of N and P in crab pond of Chongming were 12.13% and 3.02% separately.The ratio of N and P absorbed by the aquatic plant were 46.08% and 25.18% of input.Parts of deposition,nitrogen vaporation and used by other creatures in pond-like as benthos accounted for 28.41%（N） and 65.22%（P）.更多还原