【摘要】 为全面阐明黑龙江省玉米穗腐病的主要致病镰孢菌种类及其分布特征,制定科学合理的防治措施,以控制真菌毒素对玉米籽粒的危害。2018年在黑龙江省21个玉米主产区县采集玉米穗腐病病样143份,采用种子健康检测法进行镰孢菌分离,根据形态学和分子生物学特征进行鉴定,并对分离的镰孢菌进行产毒基因型检测。结果表明,共分离到200株镰孢菌分离物,鉴定出12种镰孢种,其中禾谷镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢的分离频率分别为30.00%和16.00%;亚粘团镰孢和层出镰孢的分离频率均为13.00%;布氏镰孢分离占比12.50%;温带镰孢分离占比7.50%;新知镰孢分离占比2.50%;变红镰孢分离占比2.00%;拟枝孢镰孢、梨孢镰孢和居群镰孢分离频率均为1.00%;亚洲镰孢占比0.50%。产毒素类型分析发现,亚洲镰孢菌为雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)产毒类型,禾谷镰孢与布氏镰孢含3种产毒类型,其中15-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-AcDON)产毒类型最多,3-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-AcDON)稍次之,NIV型最少;拟轮枝镰孢、层出镰孢、亚粘团镰孢、新知镰孢、变红镰孢、拟枝孢镰孢和梨孢镰孢均含有产伏马毒素的关键基因fum1,具备产伏马毒素能力,温带镰孢和居群镰孢不含有fum1基因。黑龙江玉米穗腐病致病镰孢种类较多,其中禾谷镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢为优势致病镰孢,亚粘团镰孢、层出镰孢和布氏镰孢亦分布较广,温带镰孢和新知镰孢呈现小范围分布,拟枝孢镰孢、变红镰孢、梨孢镰孢以及居群镰孢是首次在黑龙江省玉米穗腐病中分离得到,丰富了黑龙江地区玉米穗腐病致病镰孢菌的种类。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present study was designed to systematically elucidate the main pathogenic Fusarium species causing maize ear rot and their distribution characteristics in Heilongjiang Province, and then formulate scientifically based and practical control measures for maize ear rot, so as to control mycotoxin occurrence in maize kernels. A total of 143 samples of maize cobs displaying ear rot were collected in 21 maize-producing areas in Heilongjiang Province in 2018. Fusarium spp. were isolated by the seed health test method and then identified by morphology and molecular characteristics. A total of 200 Fusarium isolates were obtained and 12 Fusarium species were identified and confirmed. The isolation frequency of F. graminearum and F. verticillioides was 33.00% and 16.00% respectively, followed by F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum, F. boothii, F. temperatum, F. andiyazi, F. incarnatum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, F. commune and F. asiaticum, with isolation rates of 13.00%, 13.00%, 12.50%, 7.50%, 2.50%, 2.00%, 1.00%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 0.50%, respectively. Toxin genotype analyses showed that F. asiaticum belong to the NIV-producing type, whereas F. graminearum and F. boothii contained three kinds of genotypes, among which 15-AcDON was the most abundant, followed by 3-AcDON, and the NIV type was the least common. The key fumonisin-producing fum1 gene was found in F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. andiyazi, F. incarnatum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, while F. temperatum and F. commune did not carry the fum1 gene. The diversity of Fusarium species causing maize ear rot in Heilongjiang was relatively rich, F. graminearum and F. verticillioides were the predominant pathogens, and F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum and F. boothii were distributed relative widely, while F. temperatum and F. andiyazi had a relatively small distribution range. In this study, F. sporotrichioides, F. incarnatum, F. poae and F. commune were isolated from diseased maize ears in Heilongjiang Province for the first time. This study enhanced knowledge about the species of Fusarium causing maize ear rot in Heilongjiang.更多还原