【摘要】 针对设施番茄磷肥过量施用导致土壤有效磷淋失问题,本试验研究了不同水肥处理模式对设施番茄土壤有效磷淋失的影响,以便提出可阻控土壤磷纵向淋失的有效技术措施。结果表明:在番茄开花期和膨果期,与传统水肥处理(CT)相比,微润灌溉配合减量施肥处理(WY)在0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm土层有效磷含量分别降低了13.0%～16.9%、25.5%～38.2%、23.8%～25.2%,番茄开花期和膨果期,与传统灌溉+减量施肥(CY)处理相比,微润灌溉配合减量施肥处理(WY)在0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm土层有效磷含量分别降低了10.2%～68.5%、4.9%～15.3%、20.9%～48.3%。设施番茄土壤有效磷含量随着土层深度增加呈逐渐降低的趋势。各处理土壤有效磷主要富集在表层,尤以传统水肥处理积累最明显。从番茄全生育期0～100 cm土体有效磷淋失量来看,CT淋失量为5.1 kg/hm~2,CY处理比CT土体磷淋失量降低了27.4%,而微润灌处理未产生淋溶液。因此,微润灌溉配合减量施肥的模式可有效阻控设施番茄土壤中有效磷的纵向淋溶,适宜在设施蔬菜栽培中推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at the problem of soil available phosphorus leaching loss caused by excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer in facility tomatoes, this research studies the effects of different water and fertilizer treatment modes on the effective phosphorus leaching loss of facility tomato soil, in order to propose effective technical measures that can control the longitudinal soil phosphorus leaching loss. The results show that, compared with the traditional water and fertilizer treatment(CT), the effective phosphorus content in the micro-irrigation combined with reduced fertilization treatment(WY) was reduced by 13.0%-16.9%, 25.5%-38.2%, and 23.8%-25.2% respectively in the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers. Compared with the traditional irrigation + reduced fertilization(CY) treatment, during the tomato flowering stage and the fruit expansion period, the available phosphorus content in the micro-irrigation combined with reduced fertilization treatment(WY) decreased by 10.2%-68.5%, 4.9%-15.3%, and 20.9%-48.3% respectively in the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers. The available phosphorus content in facility tomato soil showed a gradual decrease trend with increasing soil depth. The available phosphorus in the treated soil is mainly concentrated in the surface layer, which was most obvious especially in the traditional water-and-fertilizer treatment. From the perspective of the effective phosphorus leaching loss of 0-100 cm soil in the whole growth period of tomato, the CT leaching loss was 505.69 kg/hm~2. The CY treatment reduced the phosphorus leaching loss by 27.4% compared with CT soil, while the micro-irrigation treatment did not produce shower solution. Therefore, the mode of micro-irrigation combined with reduced fertilization can effectively prevent the vertical leaching of available phosphorus in facility tomato soil, and is suitable for popularization and application in facility vegetable cultivation.更多还原