【摘要】 目前,淡水资源紧缺已经成为一个全球性的难题,特别是在一些干旱和欠发达地区,问题更加严峻。在自然界中,许多生物能够从雾气中获得水分,这为开发新颖的功能性集水材料提供了灵感。最近,在实际应用和基础研究方面,仿生集水材料作为一个热门的课题越来越受到人们关注。本文总结了纳米布沙漠甲虫、仙人掌和蜘蛛丝的集水机理,并叙述了仿生材料的合成、功能和集水效率,以及最近几年仿生材料新的发展。最后,对仿生集水材料在制备和应用过程中存在的主要问题进行总结并对未来发展趋势进行展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays,water shortage has become a severe issue all over the world, especially in some arid and undeveloped areas. In nature, many creatures can collect water from fog which can provide a source of inspiration to develop novel and functional water-collecting materials. Recently, as an increasingly hot research topic, bioinspired materials with water collection have captured vast scientific attentions into both practical applications and fundamental researches. In this paper, the mechanism of water collection of Namib desert beetle, cactus and spider silk was summarized, and the synthesis, function and water collection efficiency of corresponding biomimetic materials were described, as well as new developments in recent years. Finally, conclusions and outlook concerning the main problems and development trends of bionic water-collecting materials in the process of preparation and application were presented.更多还原