【摘要】 近年来,随着硫化镍矿被不断消耗,红土镍矿的开发利用引起了广泛关注。红土镍矿中的高镁硅红土镍矿镍含量较高,更具开发价值。为提高高镁硅红土镍矿的开发利用水平,对高镁硅红土镍矿资源的火法及湿法处理工艺和机理进行了综述。指出传统火法工艺虽然流程短、操作简单,但仅回收矿物中的Ni、Fe,无法回收其中的Mg;而真空碳热还原工艺能够综合回收矿物中的Ni、Fe、Mg,创造更高的经济效益。湿法工艺中的酸法虽然能够有效回收矿物中的Ni、Co,但存在成本高、对环境不友好等问题;而碱法则能使Ni、Fe富集,还能够制备出白炭黑（SiO₂）产品,该工艺所用试剂可以循环利用,具有良好的发展前景。昆明理工大学课题组针对火法、湿法工艺存在的问题,提出了一种火法-湿法联合处理工艺,能够综合回收高镁硅红土镍矿中的Mg、Si、Ni、Fe等元素,期望为高镁硅红土镍矿的综合利用提供思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous consumption of nickel sulphide ore in recent years, the development and utilization of laterite nickel ore has attracted extensive attention. Garnierite which belongs to laterite nickel ore has high nickel content, so it can create more value. In order to improve the development and utilization level of garnierite, the pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgical treatment process and mechanism of garnierite resources are reviewed. It is pointed out that although the traditional pyrometallurgy process is short in process and simple in operation, only Ni and Fe in minerals can be recovered, and Mg can not. Ni, Fe and Mg in minerals can be comprehensively recovered by the vacuum carbothermal reduction process, which can create high economic efficiency. Although the acid method in the hydrometallurgical process can effectively recover Ni and Co in minerals, there are problems such as high cost and environment-unfriendly; while the alkali method can enrich Ni and Fe, and can also produce silica white products（SiO₂）, the reagents used in this process can be recycled, those advantages make good development prospects. The related research group of Kunming University of Science and Technology proposed a pyrometallurgy-hydrometallurgical combined treatment process for the problems of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgical processes, which can comprehensively recover Mg, Si, Ni, Fe and other elements in garnierite and expect to provide ideas for the comprehensive utilization of garnierite.更多还原