【摘要】 近年来,石墨烯优异的力学、热学性能以及大规模量产的可行性,使其成为了研究热点。将石墨烯作为增强相添加到金属、聚合物及陶瓷等材料中,有望提高复合材料的综合性能。针对复合材料性能优化的需求,各种用于制备石墨烯增强复合材料的制造方法应运而生。其中,3D打印技术兼具工艺灵活和制备的产品性能优异的优点,引起了学者的广泛关注。然而,石墨烯自身密度低、比表面积大且易团聚,对复合材料的力学性能会造成不利影响,且其与陶瓷或金属基体的润湿性差,无法形成良好的界面结合。因此,如何将石墨烯均匀分散于复合材料中一直是学者们的研究重点,目前开发的分散方法有溶液混合法、熔体混合法、原位混合法和机械球磨法等。其中,将石墨烯分散于金属基粉体或陶瓷基粉体中的方法主要有溶液混合和机械球磨,石墨烯均匀分散于基体中不仅能提高复合材料的力学性能,还能改善其与基体的界面结合。研究较多的石墨烯增强聚合物复合材料混合方法主要有溶液混合、熔体混合和原位混合等,利用上述方法得到的三维样品力学性能、导热和导电性能均有较大提升,且应用于生物医学或储能领域表现出良好的生物或电学性能。本文从金属基复合材料、聚合物基复合材料及陶瓷基复合材料三个方面综述了3D打印石墨烯增强复合材料的研究进展,从制粉和成形两个角度详细阐述了石墨烯增强复合材料在3D打印方面的应用。期待未来石墨烯增强复合材料可以广泛应用于能源器件、生物支架及航天航空等领域,为材料的研究拓展更广阔的空间。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,graphene has become a research hotspot on account of its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties and the feasibility of mass production. If it used as a reinforcing phase in materials such as metals,polymers,and ceramics that is promising for enhancing the comprehensive performance of the composites. To meet the ever-increasing demand for composites performance optimization,widely varieties of manufacturing methods for the preparing graphene-based composites have emerged,in which 3 D printing technology can achieve the perfect combination of process flexibility and high performance products.However,graphene has a low density and is easily agglomerated due to its large specific surface area,which will affect the mechanical properties of the composites. In addition,poor wettability of graphene with ceramic or metal matrix cannot ensure a good interfacial bonding between graphene and the matrix. Therefore,how to uniformly disperse graphene in composites has been the research direction of researchers. Currently,the commonly used disperse graphene methods include solution mixing method,melt mixing method,in-situ mixing method and mechanical ball milling method,they are widely used in the preparation of metal,polymer and ceramic composites. Among them,mechanical properties of metal or ceramic composites with uniform dispersion graphene were improved,and they got a good incorporation at the interface. In addition,the more researched graphene-reinforced polymer composites ’mechanical properties,thermal and electrical characteristics have been significantly enhanced,and they were used in biomedical or energy storage fields,showing better biological or electrical properties.This paper reviews the research progress of 3 D-printed graphene-based composites from three aspects: metal materials,polymers and ceramic matrix composites. The application of graphene-reinforced composites are elaborated in 3 D printing from milling and forming. In the future,graphene-reinforced composites are expected to widely used in energy devices,biological scaffolds and aerospace fields,which will extend a broader space for material research.更多还原