【摘要】 随着航空航天、电子通信、制造加工等行业的快速发展,磁性材料的应用日趋广泛,磁性材料的生产需求也日益增加。在磁性材料生产过程中,为了保证工件的表面质量以及尺寸精度,通常需要成型的模具为无磁材料。此外,在电子信息领域,为了减少仪器在交变磁场中受到涡流作用引起的能量损耗,有效防止外磁场的干扰,提高设备运行的可靠性,采用无磁材料制造尤为重要。在武器装备领域,无磁材料的制造同样对实现装备的磁隐身,提高其生存、突防、对抗能力具有重要意义。当前,国内外普遍投入生产的无磁材料主要有无磁不锈钢、无磁高锰钢、无磁钢等钢材。但由于无磁钢材料的耐磨性较差,用其制造的无磁材料使用寿命较短,使得硬度高、强韧性好、耐磨性和化学稳定性强的无磁金属陶瓷的优势日渐突显。当前,WC-Ni系无磁金属陶瓷已成功开发并应用。Ti(C,N)-Ni基金属陶瓷凭借密度低,稀缺战略资源W、Co含量少,成本低等优点,显示出作为替换WC-Ni系无磁金属陶瓷材料的巨大潜力。若该陶瓷能同时具有室温无磁性和高强韧性,则可作为制作无磁工模具、无磁耐磨零部件的理想材料。但目前对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究主要集中于显微组织及力学性能,而关于磁性能和无磁化方面的研究甚少。本文对当前两类无磁金属陶瓷的研究进行了综述,阐明了无磁金属陶瓷的制备原理,总结了合金化及制备工艺对金属陶瓷磁学、力学性能的影响规律,指出了无磁金属陶瓷当前存在的不足与需要解决的难点,最后展望了无磁金属陶瓷的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of aeronautics,astronautics,electronic communications,manufacturing and other industries,the application of magnetic materials has become increasingly widespread,and the demand for the production of magnetic materials is also increasing. In order to ensure the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece,it is usually required that the mold be a non-magnetic material in the production process of magnetic materials. In addition,in the field of electronic communications,in order to reduce the energy loss caused by the eddy current in the alternating magnetic field,and effectively prevent the interference of the external magnetic field,improving the reliability of equipment operation. It is particularly important to use non-magnetic materials. Moreover,In the field of weaponry,the manufacturing of non-magnetic materials is also important for realizing the magnetic stealth of equipment and improving its survival,penetration and confrontation capabilities. To date,commonly produced non-magnetic materials were mainly non-magnetic stainless steel,non-magnetic high manganese steel,nonmagnetic steel and other steel materials. However,due to the poor wear resistance of non-magnetic steel materials,they always have a short service life,which makes the non-magnetic cermets with high hardness,good toughness,wear resistance and chemical stability become more noticed.Currently,WC-Ni-based non-magnetic cermets have been successfully developed and applied. Meanwhile,Ti( C,N)-Ni-based cermets show great potential as a replacement material for WC-Ni non-magnetic cermet due to their advantages of low density,low content of scarce strategic resources( W,Co) and low cost. Therefore,synthesis of non-magnetic Ti( C,N)-based cermets,with excellent mechanical properties,is of utmost importance for making non-magnetic molds and non-magnetic wear parts. Herein,the research progress of non-magnetic cermets is reviewed. The preparation principle of non-magnetic cemets is described. The effects of alloying and preparation process on magnetic and mechanical properties of cermets are summarized. The presented problems and difficulties in research are discussed. At last,the development trends of non-magnetic cemets are also indicated.更多还原