【摘要】 钙钛矿太阳电池由于具有独特的光电性能及制造工艺简单、低成本等特点而引起人们极大的关注。在钙钛矿太阳电池出现后的短短几年之内,其效率取得了突飞猛进的发展。在这个过程中,半透明钙钛矿太阳电池由于应用潜力巨大也受到越来越多的关注。特别是其与传统的硅电池或者铜铟镓硒电池组成的叠层太阳电池,由于其能够更加合理地利用太阳光谱而被认为是提升太阳电池光电转换效率的一条有效途径。到目前为止,半透明钙钛矿太阳电池的最高效率已达17.9%,叠层太阳电池的最高效率已达25.5%。顶部透明电极是半透明钙钛矿及叠层太阳电池的关键研究内容之一。对半透明钙钛矿及叠层太阳电池来说,理想的顶部透明电极应具有高透过率、低电阻、良好的化学稳定性以及能够在低温下制备等特点。截至目前,多种透明电极已经被应用于半透明钙钛矿及叠层太阳电池中,包括银纳米线、碳纳米管、超薄金属、石墨烯、导电聚合物以及透明导电氧化物等。银纳米线透明电极的光电性能良好,但稳定性较差,易与钙钛矿中的卤离子反应导致器件恶化,且在空气中易被氧化和腐蚀。超薄金属电极往往不能同时具有较高的导电性和光学透过率,需要引入合适的缓冲层来促使其均匀生长,但同样存在稳定性较差的问题。碳基透明电极的稳定性很强,但是其光电性能有待提高。透明导电氧化物具有良好的光电性能和稳定性,但往往采用溅射的方式制备,在溅射的过程中容易损伤钙钛矿活性层,需要引入合适的缓冲层。本文归纳了应用于半透明钙钛矿及叠层太阳电池中的透明电极的研究进展,分别对透明电极的种类、光电性能、制备工艺进行了系统的介绍,对比了各种透明电极光电性能及制备工艺的优缺点,分析了它们在研究中面临的问题并展望了其发展前景,以期为应用于半透明钙钛矿及叠层太阳电池的透明电极研究提供有益的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent progress in organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells( PSCs) has attracted great attention due to their impressive photovoltaic properties,and easy device manufacturing with low cost solution processes,emerging as one of the most promising and intriguing high efficiency solar cells. One of the interesting features of these high efficiency solar cells is the possibilities of making semitransparent PSCs,exciting future applications in building integrated photovoltaics and wearable electronics. In particular,semitransparent PSCs are also useful as the upper sub-cell in tandem applications when combined with conventional silicon or CIGS solar cells,which considering to be an effective way to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The certied power conversion efficiency( PCE) of semitransparent PSCs and tandem solar cells has recently exceeded 17.9% and 25.5% respectively.Transparent electrode is one of the key issues for the development of semitransparent PSCs and tandem solar cells. An ideal transparent electrode should meet the following requirements: low sheet resistance,superior transparency and good chemical stability. Moreover,a low-temperature process would be favoured. Up to now,a variety of transparent electrodes have been exploited,including silver nanowires,carbon nanotubes,ultra-thin metals,graphene,conductive polymers and transparent conductive oxides. Despite the outstanding features of high transmittance and low sheet resistance from silver nanowire based transparent electrodes,their applications in PSCs as window electrodes encounter signicant obstacles due to the stability issue brought by the corrosion of halogen species from perovskite layer. The transparency and conductance of the metal films cannot meet the requirements of the devices simultaneously,and a suitable buffer layer is required to promote its uniform growth. In addition,it also has the problem of poor stability. While the conductivity and transparency of carbon-based transparent electrode need to be improved. The transparent conductive oxide has good photoelectric properties and stability,but it is often prepared by sputtering. The perovskite active layer is easily damaged during sputtering,so a suitable buffer layer needs to be introduced.Here,a comprehensive overview of recent research progresses and perspectives on the related materials is provided. We strive to show a deep understanding of the reported strategies for transparent electrode and focus on the problems confronting the transparent electrodes for semitransparent PSCs and tandem solar cells. An encouraging prospect could be expected for the both development of transparent electrode and PSCs.更多还原