【摘要】 硅藻土是一种天然无机非金属矿物材料,具有独特的多级孔道结构,已在部分化工、建材领域获得实际应用。但硅藻土本征比表面积较小(18～28 m2/g),导致其应用受限。通过对硅藻土进行功能化改性,可以赋予硅藻土材料特定的理化性质,进而改善其环境治理效果,同时使其有望应用于能源及生物工程等领域。因此,对硅藻土进行功能化改性处理已成为目前人们研究的热点。近年来,硅藻土功能化的研究主要集中于非共价修饰硅藻土、共价修饰硅藻土和对硅藻土的化学转化三方面。非共价修饰硅藻土多为纳米金属氧化物、金属含氧酸盐等修饰硅藻土,合成的硅藻土复合材料主要应用于环境治理和能源领域。共价修饰硅藻土主要是基于硅藻土内硅氧四面体和表面数量众多的硅羟基通过Si-O共价键连接表面功能单体。而功能单体又分为硅酸盐和硅烷偶联剂两种。其中,硅烷偶联剂一端接枝于硅藻土表面硅羟基,另一端可继续接枝其他有机官能团,极大地丰富了硅藻土复合材料表面官能团的种类,使其具有更加优异的性能。共价修饰硅藻土在能源、传感器、环境治理领域均有应用。硅藻土的化学转化则以硅藻土为硅源,将其转化为具有硅藻土三维结构的单质Si,应用于能源、生物工程领域。硅藻土功能化是实现硅藻土在新兴领域应用的关键,基于硅藻土功能化修饰的研究在提高硅藻土应用水平的同时,可以促进新兴领域的发展。本文归纳了近年来国内外硅藻土功能化的研究进展,详细介绍了三种功能化方法,并分析了相应功能化硅藻土在不同领域的应用情况,以期为硅藻土功能化方法的研究及新应用领域的拓展提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diatomite is an inorganic nonmetallic mineral material. Due to unique ordered pore structures,applications of diatomite have been realized inchemical engineering and building materials industries. The application of diatomite was usually limited by its specific surface area( about18—28 m~2/g). Through the functionalization,diatomite materials could be vested with a certain property,thus improving the performance in environment treatment and advancing applications in the field of energy and bioengineering. Therefore,functionalization of diatomite has become a research focus.In recent years,researches on functionalization of diatomite mainly focus on three areas: noncovalent functionalization,covalent functionalization and chemical conversion of diatomite. Normally,noncovalent functionalization indicate that using nano metal oxides and metal oxygenates to modify diatomite and the functionalized diatomite can be used in the field of energy,water treatment and sensors. Covalent functionalization of diatomite refers to modifying diatomite with functional monomer through the connection of Si-O covalent bond based on Si-O tetrahedron and SiOH of diatomite. Functional monomers are classified into silicates and silane coupling agents. Silane coupling agents connect to diatomite through Si-OH,and it could also be used to connect other functional groups to obtain excellent properties. Covalent functionalized diatomite is commonly used in the fields of energy,sensor and water treatment. The chemical conversion of diatomite to silicon source is the other functionalization method. Silicon keeps the morphology of diatomite and can be used in the field of energy and bioengineering.Functionalization of diatomite is the key to realize the application of diatomite materials in emerging fields. Therefore,researches on diatomite functionalization would advance the application of diatomite and promote the development of emerging areas. Here,the progress of diatomite functionalization at home and abroad in recent years are summarized. The functionalization routes and their applications are introduced in detail in order to provide reference for advanced diatomite functionalization routes and their applications.更多还原