【摘要】 随着高速铁路的快速发展,众多学者研究和刻画了高铁对企业、产业和区域经济的影响效应,然而关注高速铁路对居民个体影响的研究较少。文章基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的数据,从疾病、身体功能与精神健康三个维度构建居民健康综合指数,创新性地融合双重差分和社会网络分析方法,考察了高铁开通和高铁网络对居民健康的影响,并利用中介效应模型分析其影响路径。研究发现:首先,高铁开通能够显著提升居民的健康水平。随着城市在高铁网络中的网络联系广度和网络中心性不断提升,高速铁路对居民健康的促进效应将不断增强。其次,通过机制分析表明高铁开通能够产生异地就医效应、健康投入效应、资源配置效应和健康保障效应,并且通过缩减城市间的通达时间、提升医疗资源可及性、加快医疗资源的流动与集聚以及促进区域经济发展等方式提升沿线居民的健康水平。最后,进一步研究发现高铁开通对居民健康的影响在不同人群与区域中存在差异。文章结论对提高高铁的社会经济福利和促进公共健康水平提升具有重要政策意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the opening of Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway in 2008, China’s high-speed railway has developed rapidly. By the end of 2018, the total mileage of high-speed railway in operation had reached30,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. The speed of high-speed railway is 2-3 times that of ordinary train. Its construction and operation will greatly reduce the time cost of traveling, promote the flow of population, capital, resources and other factors. It also provides convenience for people to seek high-quality medical treatment in a larger space and for cross-regional medical cooperation. So, is the opening of high-speed railway conducive to improving residents’ health?Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this research constructs a comprehensive index of residents’ health from three dimensions: disease, physical function and mental health. Then,this research studies the impact of high-speed railway on residents’ health based on the DID model and the social network analysis, meanwhile, the mediation model is employed to analyze its influence mechanism. The results show that the opening of high-speed railway can significantly improve residents’ health. With the improvement of network centrality, the effect of high-speed railway network on residents’ health will be enhanced. The mechanism study shows that high-speed railway has the out-of-town medical treatment effect,health input effect, resource allocation effect and health protection effect. It promotes residents’ health along the line by reducing the access time between cities, improving the availability of medical resources, promoting the flow and agglomeration of medical resources, and promoting the economic development. Further study finds that the impact of the opening of high-speed railway on residents’ health is different in different populations and regions.The main contributions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, it tries to study the impact of high-speed railway on residents’ health, and the research perspective is relatively new. Secondly, it combines social network analysis and the DID model for empirical research, which makes up for the defect that the traditional DID model cannot identify the relative size of the treatment effect. Thirdly, based on the mediation model, it analyzes the impact path of high-speed railway on residents’ health, which is helpful to reveal the mechanism of transport infrastructure on residents’ behavior choice and regional development. Fourthly, it seeks for the important macro-factors affecting public health, which is significant to further improve the medical security system and strengthen the construction of medical and health services.更多还原