【摘要】 老子倡导"不争",《老子》中最能体现其"不争"思想的是第八章。《老子》列举了水的七项品德,这些品德皆体现了水的不争之德:"居善地",谓水谦下之德,谦下则不争;"心善渊",谓水虚静之德,虚静则不争;"与善仁",谓水仁爱无私之德,仁爱而不求回报则不争;"言善信",谓水诚信之德,诚信则不尔虞我诈与巧取豪夺,是亦不争;"正善治",谓水公允之德,公允则无偏袒,是亦不争;"事善能",谓水通权达变之德,通权达变则不固执于某事物,是亦不争;"动善时",谓水动静适时之德,动静适时则顺其自然而不争先恐后,是亦不争。"不争"体现了"道"之"无为"特性。老子认为"物极必反",《老子》中最能体现其"物极必反"思想的是第九章。老子告诫人们:在看似盈满、刚强、富贵、功成的背后,其实已潜伏着危机。更多还原

【Abstract】 Laozi advocates harmonious idea.The eighth chapter of Laozi can best embody Laozi’s thought of harmonious idea.Laozi listed seven virtues of water, all of which embody the indisputable virtue of water:living in a favorable place refers to the virtue of being modest of water and there is no struggle when being modest.Kindness in thinking creates profoundness means the virtue of water’s void quietness and no struggle when it keeps quiet. Good benevolence is the virtue of water benevolence and selflessness, being kind to others without seeking return.Credible words refers to the virtue of water’s integrity,while honesty does not care about cheating and extortion. Justice and good governance refers to the virtue of water fairness, which means no partiality and no dispute. Good performance refers to the virtue of water’s ability to change and be changed,which means that water does not insist on something and does not fight for it; Good time refers to the virtue of timely movement and stillness, while it will act naturally and never competes with each other.Harmonious idea embodies the inaction characteristic of Tao. Laozi thinks that things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme. The ninth chapter of Laozi can best reflect the thought of Laozi, who warned people: behind the seemingly prosperity, power, wealth and success,there may be actually a crisis.更多还原