【摘要】 以济麦22为供试品种,以不施氮为对照(T1),设置6个施氮处理,分别为:推荐优化施肥(纯N 180kg/hm~2,T2),在T2处理基础上上调30%(234 kg/hm~2,T3),农民习惯施肥(280 kg/hm~2,T4),与T2处理等量施氮条件下,基肥一次性施用硫加树脂尿素(T5)、热固树脂尿素(T6)和树脂包膜尿素(T7)。结果表明,等量施氮条件下,与T2相比,T6和T7处理小麦产量分别增加7. 8%和10. 5%,氮肥利用率提高10. 5个百分点和21. 6个百分点,土壤氮依存率降低8. 0个百分点和14. 1个百分点。T5处理对小麦的增产作用与T2处理相当,但氮肥利用效率较低,对土壤氮素依存率较强。与T4处理相比,减量施氮的T2和T6处理小麦产量分别降低7. 6%和0. 4%,T7小麦产量提高2. 2%、氮肥利用率提高16. 9个百分点、氮肥偏生产力提高58. 8%。因此,本试验条件下,纯氮量180 kg/hm~2的树脂包膜尿素一次性基施可提高小麦产量和氮肥利用率,达到高产、高效、节肥的目的,适合在该区域推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was used as the experiment material. Seven treatments were set as follows: no N application as control(T1),recommended and optimized N application(180 kg N/hm~2,T2),30% addition of N rate(234 kg N/hm~2,T3),traditional N rate(280 kg N/hm~2,T4),polymer-sulfur coated urea as basal fertilizer(T5),thermosetting polymer coated urea as basal fertilizer(T6) and polymer coated urea as basal fertilizer(T7). The one-off N application rate for T5 ～ T7 treatments was 180 kg N/hm~2,equal to T2 treatment. The results showed that compared with T2 treatment with the equal N application rate(180 kg N/hm~2),the grain yield of winter wheat increased by 7. 8% and 10. 5%,N use efficiency increased by 10. 5 and 21. 6 percentage points,and soil N dependence rate decreased by 8. 0 and 14. 1 percentage points,respectively,under T6 and T7 treatments. Although T5 treatment resulted in the equal yield to T2 treatment,but its N use efficiency was lower while soil N dependence rate was higher. Compared to T4 treatment,the grain yield of T2 and T6 treatments decreased by 7. 6% and 0. 4%,while that of T7 increased by2. 2%; the N use efficiency and N partial productivity of T7 increased by 16. 9 percentage points and 58. 8%respectively. In conclusion,one-off application of 180 kg N/hm~2 of polymer coated urea as basal fertilizer could increase wheat yield and N use efficiency under the experiment conditions,which achieved higher yield and higher efficiency and saving fertilizer,so it was suitable for popularization and application in this area.更多还原