【摘要】 天南星科(Araceae)植物是我国重要的药用植物资源。为探讨中国天南星科特有种植物资源在我国的地理分布特点,以野外调查、文献和标本为基础资料,对其丰富度、特有性与相似性进行分析。通过聚类方法对省级行政区(水平分布)和海拔(垂直分布)进行分析。结果表明:中国天南星科特有种共10属71种,特有指数最高的省份是台湾省(7.27),其次是海南省(5.71)和云南省(4.08)。中国天南星科特有种类最多的属是天南星属44种、半夏属7种、魔芋属7种,均有很好的药用开发价值。特有种分布相似性系数较高(> 0.7)的省区有:湘鄂、豫晋、冀晋、皖黔、皖豫、皖浙、皖苏、皖赣、浙黔、赣黔、闽浙、豫苏、苏浙、赣浙、辽吉。天南星科特有种丰富度最高的省区为云南省(8属40种,占比56.3%)、四川省(4属21种,占比29.6%),全国总体上呈现出由南向北逐渐降低的趋势,而西北地区宁夏、新疆没有分布。天南星科特有种的垂直海拔分布主要集中在600～1000 m的中低海拔地区,其次是海拔1000～2600 m的地区,低海拔0～600 m与高海拔2600 m以上的地区分布最少。云南是天南星科中国特有种多样性分布中心,而海南、台湾特有性最高,与大陆地区相比是相对独立的天南星科中国特有种分布区。本研究结果为该类群重要的药用植物资源的开发与保护提供了理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Araceae plants are important medicinal plant resources in China. To study the geographical distribution of the endemic Araceae plants resources in China, with field surveys, literature and specimens, the richness, peculiarity and similarity of the endemic Araceae plants are analyzed, and the provincial administrative area(horizontal distribution) and altitude(vertical distribution) are analyzed by clustering method. The results showed that there were 10 genera and 71 species of endemic species, and the endemic index of Taiwan province(7.27) is the highest, followed by Hainan province(5.71) and Yunnan province(4.08). The genera with the most species in China are 44 species of Arisaema, 7 species of Pinellia, and 7 species of Amorphophallus, all of them have good medicinal development value. Provinces with high similarity coefficient of endemic distribution(>0.7) are: Hunan and Hubei, Henan and Shanxi, Hebei and Shanxi, Anhui and Guizhou, Anhui and Henan, Anhui and Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Guizhou, Jiangxi and Guizhou, Fujian and Zhejiang, Henan and Jiangsu, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, Liaoning and Jilin. Yunnan province(40 species of 8 genera, 56.3%) is the province with the highest endemic species richness and Sichuan province(21 species of 4 genera, 29.6%) is followed. The whole country shows a trend of gradual decrease from south to north,and Ningxia and Xinjiang in the northwest are not distributed. The vertical altitude distribution of endemic species is mainly concentrated in the middle and low altitude areas of 600-1000 m, followed by the areas of 1000-2600 m, with the lowest distribution in the areas of 0-600 m and above 2600 m. Yunnan is the diversity center of endemic plants of Araceae in mainland of China. However, the endemic index are the highest in Taiwan, followed by Hainan,It means that they are the relatively independent distribution centre area of A. endemic plants compared with mainland. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the development and protection of the important A. medicinal plant resources in China.更多还原