【摘要】 孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种复杂的大脑神经发育障碍,其核心特征是社交障碍和刻板行为。针对孤独症儿童的脑发育异常,将新兴脑调控技术——经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)应用于孤独症儿童脑调控。共招募24名孤独症儿童参加试验,其中12名孤独症儿童接受每周2次共计10次脑调控干预,另外12名孤独症儿童接受每周2次共计10次的伪刺激,作为对照组。利用功率谱和多尺度熵算法,评估脑电的功率谱和复杂度变化。结果表明,经过调控干预后,实验组儿童干预前后4～8 Hz theta频段在全脑均有显著下降(P<0.05),其中,额叶从(1.13±0.07) dB/Hz下降到(0.96±0.06)dB/Hz,左颞叶从(1.18±0.05) dB/Hz下降到(1.03±0.07)dB/Hz,中央区从(1.43±0.06) dB/Hz下降到(1.16±0.03)dB/Hz,右颞叶从(1.14±0.09) dB/Hz下降到(0.96±0.04)dB/Hz,枕叶从(1.39±0.06) dB/Hz下降到(1.09±0.03)dB/Hz;通过计算15个尺度的熵值发现,顶叶(P3,Pz,C3,C4)、枕叶(O1)以及左侧背外侧前额叶(F3)均有显著增加。研究表明,颅直流电刺激能够以无损安全的方式实现对孤独症儿童的神经调控,改善异常脑功能,因此在孤独症的康复中有很大的应用潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a complex developmental disorder characterized by impairments of social communication and repetitive behaviors. Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be conducted on many neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, major depression and schizophrenia. It is safe and easy-to-use, because thousands of tDCS sessions have been reported without any serious adverse effects. In this study, we enrolled 24 ASD children who received transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) brain modulation. Among those, 12 ASD children received 10 treatments over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC) twice a week and the other 12 ASD children received sham-stimulation twice a week as controls. Power spectrum and multiscale entropy algorithm were used to evaluate the effects. Results showed that 4～8 Hz theta band decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the whole brain before and after intervention, the frontal lobe decreased from(1.13±0.07) dB/Hz to(0.96±0.06)dB/Hz, from(1.18±0.05) dB/Hz to(1.03±0.07)dB/Hz in the left temporal lobe, from(1.43±0.06) dB/Hz to(1.16±0.03)dB/Hz in the central region, from(1.14±0.09) dB/Hz to(0.96±0.04)dB/Hz in the right temporal lobe, and from(1.39±0.06) dB/Hz to(1.09±0.03)dB/Hz in the occipital lobe. Entropy values in parietal lobe(P3, Pz, C3, C4), occipital lobe(O1) and DLPFC(F3) were significantly increased by calculating the entropy values at 15 scales after intervention. The tDCS had positive effects on the autistic children and it was safe and non-invasive, therefore it would be helpful for the rehabilitation of autistic children.更多还原