【摘要】 长期以来,国际关系学术史的书写以"范式间辩论"为主线,制约了理论创新和知识增长的空间。为超越范式中心的视角,近年来研究者们分别尝试发掘非西方经验,借鉴跨学科知识,探索多种理论综合,从而推动国际关系理论朝着多元包容的方向发展。与上述路径不同,"范式内合成"聚焦于弥合主要范式内部不同分支之间存在的矛盾和脱节,通过核心概念重新分类和厘清因果机制构建合成式理论,从而消解原型理论之间的逻辑和经验冲突,提升范式内部的一致性和内聚力。以现实主义范式内部的防御—进攻二分法为例,防御和进攻只是国家在无政府体系下采取的两种最为极端的安全战略,二者之间还存在着其他过渡和中间类型,而主要大国在特定时期所采取的战略类型是体系环境塑造和个体能动选择两方面共同作用的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The academic history of international relations has long been dominated by"inter-paradigm debates, "which have restricted the space for theoretical innovation and the increase of knowledge.With a view to transcending the paradigm-centric perspective,researchers have sought in recent years to look at non-Western experience,draw on interdisciplinary knowledge,and explore a variety of theoretical syntheses,thus propelling international relations theory toward a multi-inclusive attitude."Paradigm synthesis" is unlike this approach in that it is mainly aimed at solving contradictions and disconnections between the different branches of the main paradigms and reconstructing a theoretical synthesis by reclassifying core concepts and clarifying causal mechanisms.In so doing,it aims to eliminate logical and experiential conflicts between prototype theories and to promote consistency and coherence within paradigms.For example,in the defense-offense dichotomy of the realist paradigm,defense and offense are simply the two most extreme security strategies adopted by the state in an anarchic system.There are transitional and intermediate types between these strategies,and the type of strategies adopted by the major powers in a particular period results from both the shaping of the system environment and the dynamic choices of individual countries.更多还原