【摘要】 研究旨在分析寒地水稻洪涝的致灾因子──降水的变化趋势和特征及对水稻生长发育的影响,揭示其变化规律,以期为水稻生产防灾减灾提供科学依据。利用黑龙江省水稻主产区气象观测站的降水量、发育期、产量资料及洪涝灾害资料,分析了水稻主产区夏季及关键生育期降水、暴雨量和暴雨日数变化特征,阐述了黑龙江省洪涝灾害的分布规律,分析了降水对水稻产量的影响。结果表明:1971—2016年稻区6—8月降水呈现西部和东部少、中部多的趋势,暴雨日数中西部多,东部少,暴雨量总体呈上升趋势;水稻关键期平均暴雨量为76.2 mm,总体呈小幅上升趋势,暴雨日数中西部多,东部少;1984—2010年黑龙江省洪涝灾害西北、东南、中部偏多,西南、东北偏少,总体呈逐年增加的趋势,且主要发生在夏季。制约黑龙江省各地区水稻生长发育及产量形成的降水阶段各地有所不同,北部主要在7月下旬,西部在7月下旬及9月下旬,南部在5月下旬、6月下旬及9月中旬,中部及东部稻区较为复杂,几乎贯穿整个生长季。更多还原

【Abstract】 To analyze the change and characteristics of precipitation and its impact on rice growth and provide a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation, based on the data of precipitation, development period, yield and flood disaster of meteorological observation stations in main rice producing areas of Heilongjiang Province, the authors studied the variation characteristics of precipitation, storm rainfall and rainstorm days in summer and key growing periods. The authors also analyzed the distribution of floods and waterlogging disasters and the effect of precipitation on rice yield. The results showed that the precipitation from June to August of 1971-2016 showed a decreasing tendency in the west and east and increase in the middle. The number of rainstorm days in the midwest was more than that in the east and the storm rainfall increased. The average storm rainfall was 76.2 mm in rice critical period with a small upward trend. From 1984 to 2010, the flood was more in the northwest, southeast and middle, and less in the southwest and northeast, the trend was a year by year increase and mainly in summer. The precipitation that restricted rice growth and yield formation varied from place to place. It was mainly in the late July in the north, in late July and late September in the west, in late May, late June and mid-September in the south. The precipitation in the middle and eastern rice areas was more complex and went through almost the entire growing season.更多还原