【摘要】 随着农作物精细化管理水平的不断提高,基于蒸散量和水量平衡的灌溉决策方法应用越来越多,对于设施作物基于ET灌溉的试验研究有待进一步深入。本试验设置两个灌水水平(W1:70%ET、W2:90%ET)和两个施氮水平(N1:120 kg/hm~2、N2:150 kg/hm~2),探讨基于ET灌溉和不同施氮量对设施尖椒生长及水肥利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:尖椒生育期内的耗水量随生育期推进而增强,高水高肥(W2N2)处理下作物耗水强度高于其他处理,高灌水量和高施氮量处理的株高、茎粗和叶面积也相对较大,而各处理之间的产量差异没有达到显著水平,但相同施氮量情况下,低灌水处理氨基酸、还原性Vc含量较大,说明高水高肥促进了作物生理生长,而低水低肥有利于尖椒品质的形成,并且显著提高了水分利用效率。因此建议北京地区设施温室尖椒的灌溉制度采用W1N1处理,即灌水量为作物需水量的70%(70%ET),施氮量为120 kg/hm~2,对设施作物基于ET决策灌溉的系统可以适当降低百分比,以达到更加节水、提质、保产的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous improvement of the level of fine management of crops, the application of irrigation decision-making methods based on evapotranspiration and water balance is increasing. The experimental researches on facility crops based on ET irrigation need further study. Four treatments are set up under W1(70%ET) and W2(90%ET) irrigation levels, N1(120 kg/hm~2) and N2(150 kg/hm~2) nitrogen fertilizing levels, to explore the effects of the pepper growth and water-fertilizer use efficiency based on ET irrigation and nitrogen treatments. The results indicate that the consumption of pepper was enhanced with the growth period, and it was higher than others under the W2 N2 treatment. The diameter, height and leaf area of pepper under the higher irrigation and nitrogen fertilizing treatment were higher. There was no significant difference in pepper yield among different treatments. The mass of Amino acid and Vitamin C both had higher level in lower irrigation treatment. This study showed that the W2 N2 treatment promotes the physiological growth of pepper, whereas the pepper quality meeted a higher level under the W1 N1 treatment. The treatment of lower irrigation improves water use efficiency significantly. It is recommended that the irrigation system of the greenhouse pepper in the Beijing area should be treated with W1 N1, what the amount of irrigation is 70% of pepper requirement and nitrogen application 120 kg/hm2. For systems based on ET decision-making irrigation for facility crops,the amount of irrigation can be appropriately reduced to achieve more water-saving,quality-enhancing,and production-saving purposes.更多还原