【摘要】 土地利用/覆被与环境变化和社会经济发展联系紧密。基于雅鲁藏布江流域1980年、1995年、2005年和2015年的土地利用数据,利用转移矩阵、综合土地利用度等指标,分析了雅鲁藏布江流域35年间土地利用/覆被时空变化特征,探讨了雅鲁藏布江流域土地利用/覆被变化的时空演变规律。结果表明:在1980-2015年,主要的土地利用/覆被变化为林地、未利用地、城乡建设用地面积分别增长了0.33%、5.33%和101.03%,永久性冰川雪地、耕地、水体面积分别减少了23.39%、1.66%和1.14%;雅鲁藏布江流域土地利用/覆被类型空间格局的变化具有明显的区域特征,不同海拔高度分布的土地利用/覆被类型有很大差异,从低海拔到高海拔分布的主要土地利用/覆被类型依次为林地、耕地、城乡建设用地、水体、草地、未利用地、永久性冰川雪地;在海拔3 500～4 500 m,耕地减少的面积占总减少量的75%,林地和城乡建设用地增加的面积分别占总增加量的87.7%和71.4%,草地面积无显著变化。当海拔高于4 500 m,永久性冰川雪地的减少量占总减少量的99.7%,未利用地的增加量占总增加面积的99.6%。气候和水文要素是雅鲁藏布江流域土地利用/覆被变化的主要驱动因子,国家的生态修复政策、流域内经济的发展以及人口增长是城乡建设用地和耕地发生变化的驱动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land use/cover change(LUCC) is dependent on environmental change and socioeconomic development. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations of LUCC has been analyzed by the transfer matrix and comprehensive land use index, according to the data of LUCC in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin from 1980 to 2015. The results indicate that the main change in LUCC are forest land, unused land and the build-up, increasing by 0.33%, 5.33% and 101.03%, respectively. While the area of permanent glacier-snow, cultivated land and water body are diminished by 23.39%, 1.66% and 1.14%, respectively. The changes in the spatial pattern of LUCC for Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin accord with the distinct regional characteristics of vertical zonation. The types of LUCC are forest land, cultivated land, built-up, water body, grassland and unused land and permanent glacier-snow with the increase in altitude. It should be noted that the decreased cultivated land at the altitude of 3 500～4 500 m account for 75% of total reduction, while the increased forestland and built-up area are 87.7% and 71.4% of total increased area, respectively. There is no significant change in grassland. At the altitude above 4 500 m, the decrease in permanent glacier-snow accounts for 99.7% of total reduction. In contrast, the increased area of unused land is 99.6% of total increased area.Climate and hydrological elements are the main driving factors for LUCC in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin. The country ’ s ecological restoration policies,economic development and population growth within the basin are the driving forces for the changes in built-up land and cultivated land.更多还原