【摘要】 肠道微生物的数量是人类细胞数的数十倍,可以被看成人体的一种器官,以多种方式与宿主相互作用并影响宿主;它包含的基因数远远超过人类的基因数,被称为人体的"第二基因组";它可以影响宿主组织(如骨组织)的发育和稳态。绝经后骨质疏松症是一种在绝经后妇女中高发的疾病,是指绝经后妇女由于卵巢衰退,雌激素水平下降导致骨吸收大于骨形成,出现以骨量降低和骨组织的显微结构退行性变为特征、骨脆性和骨折易感性增加的一种全身代谢疾病。女性雌激素衰退是绝经后骨质疏松症发生的重要诱因,而肠道微生物在性激素缺乏引起骨质流失的发生中处于中心地位。肠道微生物通过宿主的免疫系统调控骨代谢;雌激素缺乏导致的肠壁通透性增加会引起细菌移位和增强机体的炎症反应,而肠道益生菌可以通过抑制炎症反应和增强肠道上皮的屏障功能来防止骨质流失。肠道微生物亦可通过机体的代谢来调节骨代谢,短链脂肪酸是益生元发酵的主要产物,它能诱导IGF-1的产生,增加骨量。肠道微生物还可以通过增强营养物质摄取、合成人体必需营养物质从而改善机体的营养状况的方式来影响骨代谢。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human intestinal microbiota can be seen as a multicellular organ that interacts with the host and affects the host in a variety of ways.It is estimated to outnumber human cells 10 to 1;it contains far more genes than human genes,known as the "second genome" of the human body;it can affect the development and homeostasis of host tissues such as bone tissue.Postmenopausal osteoporosis,a systemic metabolic disease of high prevalence in postmenopausal women,refers to low bone mass,micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue,bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture due to natural decline of estrogen levels during menopause.Intestinal microbiota is central in the occurrence of sex hormone deficiency-associated bone loss.It regulates bone metabolism through host immune system.The increased intestinal permeability caused by estrogen deficiency can lead to bacterial translocation and inflammation,while intestinal probiotics may prevent bone loss by inhibiting inflammatory response and enhancing the barrier function of intestinal epithelium.It can also regulate bone metabolism through metabolism of organism.Short chain fatty acids are the main product of probiotic fermentation,which can induce IGF-1 production and increase bone mass.Intestinal microbiota can affect bone metabolism by enhancing nutrient uptake and synthesizing essential nutrients to improve the body′s nutritional status.更多还原