【摘要】 国际人道主义组织(international humanitarian organization,IHO)是灾难救援过程中重要的参与者,近年来国际人道主义救援多元化、国际化的特征日趋明显,但同时也暴露出了组织间应急协作机制缺失、救援效率低下等问题.目前该领域的研究集中于对某一人道主义组织的救援效率评价,对人道主义组织参与下自然灾害救援效率评价研究则较少.选取了2001～2016年期间以IHO为参与救援主体的86起自然灾害事件为样本,基于事件系统理论提出IHO参与救援效率的评价指标体系,采用超效率DEA模型(super-SBM)对其救援效率进行评价,并以受灾国灾害救援的外部环境为视角,从受灾国政治、文化、地理位置三个维度对IHO参与下灾难救援效率的影响因素展开分析,从物资储备体系、人道主义援助机制选择和人道主义信息网络平台三个方面提出相关政策建议.更多还原

【Abstract】 International humanitarian organizations(IHOs)are important participants in the process of disaster relief.In recent years,the characteristics of diversification and internationalization of international humanitarian relief have become increasingly obvious.At the same time,however some relief problems have exposed such as the inefficiency of humanitarian relief and the lack of emergency coordination mechanism between organizations.Currently the researches mainly focus on the rescue efficiency evaluation of one IHO,with less attention paid to the relief efficiency of all the IHOs during a natural disaster.Here86 cases of natural disasters from 2001 to 2016 were selected as samples in which IHOs were the dominant participants.Based on the event system theory the rescue efficiency evaluation index system was proposed.Super efficiency DEA model(super-SBM)was used to measure the efficiency.A comparison of all disaster samples shows that the rescue efficiency varies greatly in terms of time,space and different types of disasters.In the perspective of the external environment of affected countries about disaster relief,the influence factors in IHOs rescue efficiency was studied from three dimensions of the affected countries’ political,cultural and geographical position.Suggestions was made about improving the natural disasters relief efficiency of IHOs from three aspects about the material rescue system,choice of humanitarian aid and humanitarian information network.更多还原