【摘要】 为培育高角粒数的油菜品种,研究种子(或胚珠)败育对每角果粒数的影响,选取36份双单倍体(DH)材料,采用自然开放和强制自交、杂交、辅助人工授粉等4种处理方式,分别调查各处理中初花时胚珠数和成熟风干角果中正常成熟籽粒和败育种子的数量与形态变化,探寻种子(或胚珠)败育发生原因。结果发现:材料的初始胚珠数为23. 05～36. 15个,差异极显著。种子成熟后,每角粒数为平均16. 80;胚珠数与每角粒数间的相关系数为0. 77**;各材料每角粒数占初始胚珠数的百分比平均为56. 19%,近44. 00%的胚珠在种子发育过程中会发生败育;胚珠数与每角粒数呈正相关;败育是导致每角粒数减少的主要原因。不同材料胚珠数不同,胚珠数、败育比率均与材料基因型有关。根据胚珠的直径可将败育类型划分为3种:a类型(直径小于0. 1mm)、b类型(直径0. 1～1. 0mm)、c类型(胚败育)。3种败育类型在36个参试材料和4种试验处理中均有发生,前两种类型败育是胚珠(或种子)败育的主要类型,平均发生概率分别为19. 34%和7. 91%,胚败育发生概率较低,仅为1. 54%。胚珠(或种子)败育现象普遍存在于甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中,原因可能与花粉和柱头发育、花粉与柱头识别、受精以及胚初期发育异常相关;胚败育可能与胚发育停滞有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve seed setting rate and get more seeds in siliques of rapeseed,abortion of ovules and seeds were investigated in 36 DH(double hyploid) materials under 4 pollinating treatments(open pollination,forced selfing,hybridizing and assisted artificial pollination).The initial number of ovules,normal mature seeds and abortion seeds were investigated to better understand the abortion period and causes.Statistic results showed that the initial ovule numbers of different materials had highly significantly variation,ranging from 23.05 to 36.15 with an average of 29.48.After maturing,the seeds number in single silique was 8.82-26.38,with an average of 16.80.The correlation coefficient between the number of ovules and the number of seeds per siliques was 0.77.Average,56.19% of the initial ovules could develop into mature seeds and nearly 44% ovules aborted during the seed development.The abortion rate was found to be related to genotype as well.The abortion could be divided into 3 types.They were divided by ovules diameter as:a(less than 0.1 mm),b(between 0.1-1.0 mm) and c(embryo abortion).They occurred in all 36 materials under 4 treatments.Type a and b were the main types of ovule(or seed)abortion,with average occurrences of 19.34% and 7.91% respectively.Type c occurred only 1.54%,which might be related to the ceasing of embryonic developmental.These results indicated that the ovules number was related to genotype,and the abortion occurrence and types were also related to genotype.The cause of abortion might be in stigma development,stigma and pollen recognition,and/or in fertilization and initial embryo development.更多还原