【摘要】 为探究山区油菜稀植栽培的推广价值,在湖北省西南部的恩施州设计实验,以甘蓝型油菜品种中油杂12和阳光2009为材料,比较了油菜稀植移栽(D1,1. 2万株/hm~2)和常规移栽(D2,12万株/hm~2)、密植直播(D2,37. 5万株/hm~2)三种不同种植方式对产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,D1处理显著提高有效分枝数的数量,提高了株高,增加了茎粗,这些因素构成了产量提高的生物学基础。产量构成因素以单株角果数差异最为显著,D1单株角果数在3 000个以上,而D2为250～285个,D3为130～150个,同时,D1产量分别比D2、D3提高31. 27%、26. 63%,平均产量在3 000 kg/hm~2以上。试验结果还表明,D1所需人工投入较少,分别比D2、D3降低39. 5工/hm~2、42. 5工/hm~2,从而使经济效益分别增加7 543. 55元/hm~2、5 535. 73元/hm~2,可显著提高投入产出比。因此,在湖北省的山区条件下,稀植移栽可降低生产成本,提高经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the popularization value of sparse transplanting of rapeseed in mountain area of Enshi,Hubei Province,effects of 3 different planting methods on yield and economic benefits were studied using two rapeseed cultivars of Zhongyouza 12 and Yangguang 2009. The 3 planting methods were sparse-transplanting( D1,1. 2× 104 plants/hm~2),conventional transplanting( D2,12 × 104 plants/hm~2) and condensed planting( D3,37. 5 ×104 plants/hm~2). Results showed that D1 treatment significantly increased the number of effective branches,plant height and stem diameter. These factors constituted a biological basis for high yield. Among the yield components,plant pod number showed the most significant difference. In D1,it was more than 3 000,250-285 in D2,and130-150 in D3. The yield in D1 was 31. 27% and 26. 63% higher than those of D2 and D3 respectively. The average yield in D1 was above 3 000 kg/hm~2. Results also showed that the labor cost of D1 was 39. 5/hm~2 and 42. 5/hm~2 less than those of D2 and D3 respectively. Therefore the economic benefits increased by 7 543. 55 yuan/hm~2 and 5 535. 73 yuan/hm~2 respectively. D1 treatment significantly increased the input-output ratio. It suggested that sparse-transplanting reduced production costs and increased economic benefits in mountain area.更多还原