【摘要】 新中国成立70年来,我国义务教育阶段的特殊教育经历了五次课程改革,大致可以划分为五个阶段:(1)初创期(1949—1976年);(2)重建期(1977—1992年);(3)发展期(1993—2006年);(4)初步成熟期(2007—2015年);(5)全面深化期(2016年至今)。五次特殊教育课程改革呈现出以下趋势:(1)课程目标从简单移植逐步走向本体回归;(2)课程内容从功能单一逐步走向多元整合;(3)课程实施从固定封闭逐步走向弹性开放;(4)课程评价从静态单一逐步走向动态多元。新中国成立70年来我国特殊教育课程改革的主要经验是:(1)始终坚持党和政府强有力的领导;(2)始终坚持"以人为本"的教育理念;(3)始终坚持探索中国特色课改经验;(4)始终坚持科学、严谨的实证精神。我国未来特殊教育课程改革方向是:(1)构建融合共通的课程体系;(2)强化基于课程标准的教学;(3)提高课程实施的保障水平;(4)启动课程实施的质量监测。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there have been five stages of curriculum reform for special educationin compulsory education:1) establishment and standardization(1949-1976); 2) reconstruction and development(1977-1992); 3) further exploration(1993-2006); 4) formation and improvement(2007-2015); 5) comprehensive upgrading(2016-present). On the whole, there have been the following development trends: 1) The objectives gradually moved from "simple transplantation" to "ontology regression"; 2) The course content gradually moved from "single function" to "multiple integration"; 3) The implementation gradually moved from "fixed and closed" to "flexible and open"; 4) The curriculum evaluation gradually moved from "static single" to "dynamic multiple". The main experiences are as follows:Always adhere to 1) the Chinese Communist Party’s and the government’s strong leadership; 2) the concept of "people-orientation"; 3) exploring the experience with Chinese characteristics; 4) the scientific and rigorous empirical spirit. Four directions of future curriculum reform are put forward: 1) Building integrated and diverse curriculum system; 2) Strengthening curriculum-based teaching; 3) Improving the organization and implementation of teaching; 4) Starting quality monitoring of the implementation.更多还原