【摘要】 旨在明确谷子粒黑穗病病菌冬孢子萌发最适条件及对生物杀菌剂的敏感性,为谷子粒黑穗病的研究和田间防治提供理论依据。采用悬滴法研究了温度、湿度、光照、pH及碳、氮源对冬孢子萌发的影响,并测定6种生物杀菌剂对谷子粒黑穗病病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,冬孢子萌发的最适温度为25℃,pH为7,4～8 h的光照有利于冬孢子的萌发;当相对湿度≥80%时,冬孢子才可萌发;甘氨酸、蛋白胨和尿素对冬孢子萌发无影响;硝酸钾、氯化铵和硫酸铵对冬孢子萌发有抑制作用,碳源对冬孢子萌发无影响。中生菌素、香菇多糖和丁子香酚对谷子粒黑穗病病菌的毒力较强,EC50分别为0.224 8、0.598 1μg/mL和1.560 1μg/mL;其次是乙蒜素和多抗霉素,EC50分别为42.971 6μg/mL和44.753 9μg/mL;宁南霉素的毒力最弱,EC50为2 914.965 0μg/mL。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was to determ ine suitable conditions for germination of Ustilago crameri and its sensibility to bio-fungicides, which provided a theoretical basis for relevant researches and controlling measures against U. crameri. Effects of different temperature, humidity, illumination, pH value, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on germination of U. crameri teliospore and toxicity measurement of the six bio-fungicides were studied by pendent drop method. The results showed that the optimal temperature was 25 ℃ and the optimum pH value was 7, and the illumination time from 4 to 8 h could promote the teliospore germination. The teliospore could germinate as humidity was higher than 80%. Glycine, peptone and urea had no effect on the germination, but potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride could inhibit its germination.The carbon sources had no effect on germination. Among different bio-fungicides, zhongshengmycin, lentinan and eugenol had significant high toxicity on U. crameri, with EC50 of 0.224 8 μg/mL, 0.598 1 μg/m L and 1.560 1 μg/mL, respectively;ethyliicin and polyoxin were followed with EC50 of 42.971 6 μg/mL and 44.753 9 μg/mL, respectively.更多还原