【摘要】 为从生理生态学角度探讨啮齿动物对贺兰山环境的适应对策,以及同域分布啮齿动物之间的竞争状况。对贺兰山西坡啮齿动物进行了调查研究,选择不同生境中4种鼠类进行解剖,对其各项消化道形态指标进行测定。结果显示,4种啮齿动物的总消化道长度、总鲜重、总净鲜重的种间存在极显著的差异。4种啮齿动物中,大林姬鼠和阿拉善黄鼠的胃长度和净鲜重与社鼠和子午沙鼠的差异性为极显著;与社鼠、子午沙鼠、大林姬鼠相比,阿拉善黄鼠的小肠、大肠和盲肠各项指标的差异性均显著,在胃鲜重差异性上为极显著;其他3种啮齿动物之间的小肠长度差异极其显著,而在鲜重不显著;子午沙鼠与社鼠、大林姬鼠在小肠净鲜重无显著差异;子午沙鼠与社鼠在盲肠和大肠的长度与鲜重上的差异不存在显著性。结果表明,啮齿动物通过改变消化道的形态特征响应环境条件,从而达到对贺兰山环境胁迫适应;在与同域分布物种竞争中,消化道形态变化最明显的物种更有优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 We studied rodent adaptation strategies to the environment of Helan Mountains from the perspective of physiological ecology and the competition between sympatric rodent species. We measured length,fresh weight( with content inside) and net fresh weight of the digestive tracts of four rodent species from different habitats on the west slope of the Helan Mountains. The results showed that the length,fresh weight and net fresh weight of whole digestive tracts differ extremely significantly between four species( F = 176. 053, P < 0. 01; F = 179. 782, P < 0. 01; F =239. 229,P < 0. 01). The gastric length and net fresh weight of Spermophilus alaschanicus and Apodemus peninsulae differed significantly from those of Niviventer confucianus and Meriones meridianus( P < 0. 01). All indices of small intestine,large intestine and cecum of S. alaschanicus differed significantly from those of the other three species( P < 0. 05),and stomach fresh weight differed extremely significantly( P < 0. 01). Fresh weight of the small intestine was similar for N. confucianus,M. meridianus and A. peninsulae but length of the small intestine varied widely( P > 0. 05,P <0. 01). Fresh weight of the small intestine of M. meridianus was similar to those of N. confucianus and A. peninsulae( P > 0. 05). Fresh weight and length of the large intestine and cecum were similar for N. confucianus and A. peninsulae( P > 0. 05). Rodents responded to environmental conditions by changing the morphological characteristics of the digestive tract to adapt to the environmental stress of Helan Mountain. In the competition between sympatric species,the most pronounced changes in the morphology of the digestive tract were more advantageous.更多还原