【摘要】 基于2013～2015年、2017年在长江武汉段的鱼类监测数据,采用多样性指数和多元统计方法分析了该江段的鱼类群落结构.4年共监测到鱼类56种,隶属于7目12科41属;鲤形目共38种,优势十分明显;不同年份间的鱼类物种数差别不大.从食性看,肉食性鱼类多于杂食性鱼类多于植食性鱼类;从栖息水层看,底栖性鱼类多于中上层鱼类多于中下层鱼类;从活动类型看,定居性鱼类占绝对优势.多样性指数年际变化不大,鱼类群落较为稳定.2017年的鱼类规格较2013～2015年有所提升.ABC曲线及W统计表明鱼类群落受到的扰动不大.Cluster分析和NMDS分析表明鱼类群落可以分为两组,但ANOSIM检验表示两组间无明显差异.SIMPER分析表明,2017年适应流水环境的鱼类的丰度有所增加,适应静水、缓流环境的鱼类有所减少.总体上,长江武汉江段的鱼类群落较为稳定,且鱼类规格有增大的趋势.建议强化禁渔措施和人工增殖放流措施,开展渔业资源长期监测,保护长江武汉江段渔业资源,确保可持续利用.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on monitoring data of fish community in Wuhan section of the Yangtze Riverfrom 2013～2017,the structure of fish community and species diversity of fish weredescribed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index,Margalef’srichness index,Pielou’s evenness index and multiple statistical methods.A total of 56 fish species from 41 genera,12 families and 7 orders were collected during themonitoring periods,with dominance by Cyprinids.And there was no significant inter-annual difference in fish species numbers.According to feeding,the dominant specieswere carnivorous fish.According to habitat,benthic species were most abundant.According to spawning habit,resident species were dominant species.There were nosignificant inter-annual changes in diversity index.The fish size in 2017 has improvedcompared with that from 2013～2015.The abundance-biomass curves(ABC)and W-statistic of the fish community indicated that fish community was stable from 2013～2017.The fish community structure data for the four years were divided into two groupsby using Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)methods.Noobvious difference between these two groups was found by the ANOSIM analysis.Thesimilarity percentage(SIMPER)analysis showed that the abundance of fish adapting tothe lotic environments increased,while the abundance of fish adapting to static or slowflow decreased.In brief,the fish community in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River isrelatively stable,and the fish size has an increasing trend.Forbidden fishing periodmanagement,stock enhancement and monitoring of fish resources are recommended tosupport implementation of protection and sustainable development of fishery resource inWuhan section of the Yangtze River.更多还原