【摘要】 【目的】本文研究了全年覆膜条件下土壤温度和水分的运移规律。【方法】在陕北黄土丘陵山地设置白膜、黑膜覆盖,裸地定位试验,研究不同覆膜条件下土壤温度和水分的变化,连续2年观测。【结果】土壤温度在一天中的变化为抛物线,比气温变幅小并滞后于气温。白天最高温度为白膜,出现在16:00,夜间最高温度为黑膜,出现在8:00,裸地白天温度高于黑膜,夜间最低。土壤水分白膜最高,黑膜和裸地基本无差异。土壤水分0～150 cm土层内储水量2种膜覆盖为487.11、452.79 mm,裸地则减少75.69和41.37 mm。剖面土壤水分白膜>黑膜>裸地,其中,白膜和黑膜15 cm土层土壤含水率最高,分别为17.33%和15.96%。剖面温度表现为白膜15 cm以上土层最高,15 cm以下土层2种覆膜措施无显著差异。在植物生育期裸地表层温度受气温影响最大,最高温度达到53.5℃,高出白膜和黑膜覆盖5.3和7.2℃;而裸地表层土壤含水率最低,只有9.49%,显著低于覆膜处理。在冬季裸地表层温度最低,为-10.3℃,土壤含水率最低,只有3.15%,均低于同期覆膜处理。【结论】覆膜在夏季可以降低表层土壤温度,在冬季则能保水保温,抑制蒸发。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】This paper aimed to explore the movement law of soil temperature and soil water under film mulching. 【Method】 Two colors mulching, which were white film and black film, were set in loess hilly region in north of Shaanxi, and the bare land was comparison to study the changes of soil moisture and soil temperature in different depths with different mulching under 2 years observations. 【Result】The soil temperature during the day was a parabola, and its hysteresis amplitude was smaller than that of the air temperature. The white film mulching had a maximum daytime temperature which appeared at 16 pm, black film mulching had the highest night temperature which appeared at 8 am. The temperature of bare land was higher than that of black film in daytime and the lowest at night. White film plastic had the highest soil moisture while there were almost no difference between black film and bare land in a day. Soil water storage of 0-150 cm soil depth for the two film mulching were 487.11 and 452.79 millimeter when the bare land decreased 75.69 and 41.37 millimeter. In vertical direction, white film had the highest soil moisture and bare land was the lowest, and the soil moisture of white and black film mulching were the highest in 15 centimeter soil depth, which were 17.33 % and 15.96 %. The soil temperature of white film was the highest above 15 centimeter soil depth, and there were no significant difference between two film treatment. In the plant growth stage, the surface temperature of bare land was affected by the temperature obviously, and the maximum temperature reached to 53.5 ℃, which was higher than that of the black and white film. The surface soil moisture of bare land was the lowest, which only 9.49 %, and lower than that of the film mulching significantly. In winter, the surface temperature of bare land was the lowest only-10.3 ℃, and lower than that of the film mulching significantly. 【Conclusion】Film mulching can reduce surface soil temperature in summer, retain water insulation in winter and suppress evaporation.更多还原