【摘要】 【目的】卢旺达属热带高原气候,境内多山,被称为"千丘之国",人口密度高,耕作土地少,长期以来传统农业耕作方式不合理和为获取燃料而砍伐森林造成了严重的水土流失,制约当地农业可持续发展。【方法】我国援卢旺达农业技术示范中心把菌草作为解决这一难题治理水土流失列为重要的内容之一,本文通过设立3个不同模式的径流场试验。【结果】以"传统栽培农作物"模式为对照(CK),"等高线种植巨菌草"模式水流失率平均减少82.39%,土壤流失率平均减少96.26%以上;"等高线种植巨菌草活篱笆+梯田套种农作物"模式水流失率平均减少74.64%,土壤流失率平均减少90.4%以上。"等高线种植巨菌草"模式在有机质C,有效磷和钾含量方面比传统栽培模式更高,说明种植巨菌草具有改善土壤肥力的潜力。【结论】种植巨菌草,保持水土效果好,提高土壤肥力,产量高,利用菌草技术发展菌业和畜业,为当地农业可持续发展开辟一条新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Rwanda belongs to tropical plateau landscape, with many mountains, known as the ‘country’ of thousands of hills, high population density, farming land less, for a long time unreasonable traditional agricultural practices and deforestation for firewood caused serious soil erosion and restricted the sustainable development of local agriculture. 【Method】The China-Rwanda Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center considered the JUNCAO project as one of the important contents to solve this problem. In this paper, three different models of runoff field experiment were set up, with ‘traditional hillside cropping’ model as the control(CK). 【Result】The water loss rate of ‘contour planting giant grass’ model decreased by 82.39 %, the soil loss rate reduced by 96.26 %; And the water loss rate of ‘ contour planting giant grass & terraces inter-cropping’ model decreased by 74.64 %, soil loss rate reduced by 90.4 %. ‘contour planting giant grass’ model was higher in organic matter C, effective P and K content than traditional cultivation mode, indicating that the cultivation of giant grass had the potential to improve soil fertility. 【Conclusion】 Planting giant grass(JUNCAO) had a better effect on the water and soil conservation, and improving soil fertility and high yield, and by harnessing JUNCAO technology, the mushroom industry and animal husbandry was to open a new way for the sustainable development of local agriculture.更多还原