【摘要】 采用田间小区试验,定量研究连续7年施用不同有机肥后重金属在土壤和作物系统中的积累与迁移特征,为从源头上控制农田土壤重金属污染提供科学依据。研究结果表明,连续7年施用猪粪的处理均显著增加了0—15 cm土层土壤Cu、Zn、As和Cd的含量,且随猪粪施用量增加,耕层土壤(0—15 cm)中Cu、Zn、As和Cd含量也显著增加,增幅分别在77.57%—261.46%、40.41%—145.68%、41.74%—46.19%和14.53%—22.09%。猪粪施用量高时,Zn和Cd已迁移到15—30cm土层并在此层积累;随着鸡粪施用量增加,耕层土壤(0—15cm)Cu、Zn、Cr含量也均显著增加。与施化肥处理相比,连续7年施用鸡粪的处理均显著增加了耕层土壤Cu、Zn和Cr含量,增幅分别在16.81%—38.72%、133.93%—435.73%和33.45%—58.31%。鸡粪用量较高时,Cu、Zn、Cr向15—30 cm土层迁移并积累。该试验条件下,连续7年施用高量鸡粪后耕层土壤Zn含量已超过土壤污染风险筛选值。连续7年施用猪粪的处理均显著增加了小麦籽粒Cu和Zn含量,增幅分别在27.18%—49.87%和25.66%—98.81%;连续7年施用高量鸡粪的处理均显著增加了小麦籽粒Zn和Cd含量,分别增加64.74%和40.00%。连续7年施用猪粪的处理和高量鸡粪的处理小麦籽粒Zn含量超过相关的食品安全标准(NY 861—2004)。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field positioning experiment was conducted to study the accumulation and migration of heavy metals in 7-year poultry manure-amended soil-crop systems. The results provide a scientific basis for controlling heavy metal pollution in farmland soil from the source. Copper(Cu), Zinc(Zn), Arsenic(As), and Cadmium(Cd) accumulated in the pig manure-amended cultivated soil(0-15 cm), where the content of heavy metals was significantly higher than the ones in nonamended soils. With increasing the pig manure application rate, the content of Cu, Zn, As and Cd in the cultivated soil(0-15 cm) were also increased significantly, with the increase rates in the range of 77.57%-261.46%, 40.41%-145.68%, 41.74%-46.19% and 14.53%-22.09%, respectively. Notably, Zn and Cd migrated and accumulated in the 15-30 cm soil layer with application of high amount of pig manure. Besides, with increasing the chicken manure application rate, the content of Cu, Zn and Chromium(Cr) in the cultivated layer soil(0-15 cm) were significantly increased. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, the content of Cu, Zn and Cr in the cultivated soil were increased in the chicken manure treatment, with the increase rates in the range of 16.81%-38.72%, 133.93%-435.73% and 33.45%-58.31%, respectively. The addition of high amount of chicken manure resulted in the migration and accumulation of Cu, Zn and Cr in 15-30 cm soil. Under the conditions of this experiment, the Zn content in the chicken-manure amended cultivated soil exceeded the soil pollution risk screening value. Additionally, some heavy metals translocated and accumulated in the harvested wheat grains. Cu and Zn content in wheat grains were significantly increased in the pig manure treatment, with increase rates in ranges of 27.18%-49.87 % and 25.66%-98.81%, respectively; meanwhile, Zn and Cd content in wheat grains in the chicken manure treatment increased by 64.74% and 40.00%, respectively. The Zn content in wheat grains exceeded the relevant food safety standards(NY 861—2004) with addition of pig manure and high amounts of chicken manure.更多还原