【摘要】 土壤有效Zn含量是土壤整体营养状况的一个重要评价指标,明确中国土壤有效Zn含量的时空分布特征,针对缺锌的土壤类型和区域采取有效的补Zn措施,可以实现微量营养元素的精准施肥。本研究以中国农业生态站监测点的数据为基础,分析了土壤有效Zn含量的时空差异,探讨了土壤类型、土地利用方式、土壤理化性质(有机质、pH值、有效N、有效P、有效K与阳离子交换量-CEC)对土壤有效Zn含量时空变化的影响。结果显示,中国土壤有效Zn含量整体上处于中等水平,呈南高北低,东高西低的分布趋势,与全国范围内土壤pH值分布、干湿区划分及土壤类型地带性分布有很好的相关性;在时间序列上,从2005年到2015年,土壤有效Zn含量呈上升趋势;土壤类型及土地利用方式不同,土壤有效Zn含量存在显著差异,不同土类中,水稻土和红壤的有效Zn含量较高,土地利用方式中,水田的土壤有效Zn含量最高;土壤理化指标中,土壤pH值和土壤有机质对土壤有效Zn含量有显著影响。风沙土、草甸风沙土、黄绵土等土类及水浇地和旱地等土地利用方式,要注重Zn肥的补充,并可通过土壤pH值的调整及施用农家肥等措施来提高土壤有效Zn含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil available Zn is an important index for evaluating the nutritional status of soil.The precision fertilization of micronutrients can be achieved by clarifying temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil available Zn content in China and taking effective measures to improve the soil available Zn content of soil types and regions of Zn deficiency.The data of this research are accessed from China Agricultural Eco-Station.The temporal and spatial distribution difference of soil available Zn content and the influence of different factors to soil available Zn content are analyzed,like the soil types,land utilizations and soil physicochemical properties(soil organic matter,pH,avail N,avail P,avail K and cation exchange capacity).The results show:1)Soil available zinc content in China is in the middle level as a whole,the distribution trend is south-high and north-low,east-high and west-low.The distribution of soil available Zn content has a good correlation with the soil pH distribution,division of dry and wet areas and zonal distribution of soil types;2)In time series,soil available Zn content shows an upward trend from 2005 to 2015.3)Soil available Zn content has the significant difference between different soil types and land utilizations.Among soil types,the red earth and paddy soil have the higher soil available Zn content than the others’,in contrast,soil available Zn contents of Aeolian sand soil,Loessial soil and Meadow sandy soil are lower than others’.Among land utilizations,soil available Zn content of paddy field is significant higher than others;4)Among soil physicochemical properties,soil pH and soil organic matter content have a significant impact on soil available Zn content.In summary,among different soil types,Aeolian sand soil,Loessial soil and Meadow sandy soil need the supplement of Zn fertilizer;among different land use patterns,the irrigated land and dry land should be emphasized the supplement of Zn fertilizer.In addition,the soil available Zn content can be improved by the adjustment of the soil pH and application of manure.更多还原