【摘要】 以10种常绿植物为研究对象,通过测定单位叶面滞尘量,采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察各树种叶表面的微形态特征,探讨了植物叶表面微结构与滞留大气颗粒能力的关系。研究结果表明:10种植物叶表面滞留大气颗粒物的能力存在差异,云杉的单位叶面滞尘量最高,其后依次为雪松、刺柏、华山松、龙柏、油松、白皮松、塔柏、侧柏和冬青卫矛。ESEM能够较好地描述植物叶表面原始的滞尘情况,华山松和冬青卫矛叶表面微形态特征由于积累较多浮尘而被掩盖。SEM观察结果表明,清洗和未清洗树种叶表面微形态差异明显,模拟自然状态下的降雨过程能够较大程度地清除植物叶表面滞留的大气颗粒物;植物叶表面的滞尘能力与植物种类及其微形态结构之间存在一定的对应关系,凸起、沟槽、气孔及各种纹理等微细结构增加了叶表面的粗糙程度,提高了植物的滞尘能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 10 evergreen plants were observed for the depostied atmospheric particle densities and micro-morphology characteristics on their leaf surfaces. The results showed that their atmospheric particle-retaining capabilities were different, and the highest unit area particles was P. asperata, followed by Cedrus deodara, Juniperus formosana, Pinus armandii, Sabina chinensis cv. kaizuca, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Sabina chinensis cv. pyramidalis, Platycladus orientalis and Euonymus japonicus. The original dust-retaining status could be observed clearly by ESEM, but the micro-morphology characteristics on the leaf surfaces of P. armandii and E. japonicus were covered by the heavy dust. The SEM observation results showed that there were apparent differences between the thoroughly rinsing and the unwashed samples, and the mock rainfall could greatly wipe off the atmospheric particles on the leaf surface. In general, there were certain relationship in the dust-retaining capability of the leaf surface between the plant species and the leaf surface micro-morphology characteristics.The micro-features, such as embossment, grooves, stoma and texture increased the roughness of the leaf surface,which improved the particle-retaining capabilities.更多还原