【摘要】 概述了土坟在地理环境、文化传统、不同政策影响下的分布格局;土坟在农业景观中产生的生态影响,主要为其对环境、生物多样性、生态系统服务方面产生的影响;预测了土坟在未来可能的农业景观发展的模式下的分布情景.土坟对景观产生的负面影响受关注较多,而其产生的正面生态效应大多不为人所重视;我国农业景观异质性普遍较低,目前研究主要集中在林地、草地等异质斑块、非农生境在农业景观中的作用,而关于土坟的生态研究相对薄弱.土坟作为特殊的农业景观组成要素发挥了多种生态效应,因此,研究土坟在农业景观中的分布格局及其生态效应可为以后的农业生产、生态保护提供一定的指导意义,即合理规划土坟的分布格局,在保护生态环境的前提下尽量减少对经济发展的影响,维持景观的可持续发展.更多还原

【Abstract】 As a special but ubiquitous element of landscape in agricultural landscape,earth grave has many ecological effects on agricultural landscape. Agricultural landscape heterogeneity are generally lower,the present study focuses on heterogeneous patch,non-agricultural habitat such as forest land,grassland in the role of agricultural landscape,and ecology,the study of earth grave relatively weak. The negative impact of earth grave on landscape is more concerned,and the positive ecological effect of it is largely ignored. What is the pattern of the distribution pattern in different periods? Is there any positive influence on the biodiversity and ecosystem services of agricultural landscape? At present,these problems are not clear,and the solution to these problems is to explore the premise and basis of protecting the biodiversity of agricultural landscape and ecosystem services. The agricultural landscape offers many benefits for mankind,while the biodiversity of the agricultural landscape is declining and the ecosystem services are weakened. Therefore,it is of certain value to study the distribution pattern and ecological effect of the earth’s grave to protect and develop agricultural landscape. This paper summarizes the distribution pattern of the earth grave under the influence of geographical environment,cultural tradition and different policies. The ecological impact of earth grave in agricultural landscape mainly affects the environment,biodiversity and ecosystem services. The distribution situation of earth grave in the future development of agricultural landscape is predicted. Conclusion:( 1) There are some differences in the distribution pattern of earth graves under different influence factors,and the earth graves distributed in agricultural landscape are divided into two forms: random dispersion distribution and centralized distribution.( 2) The ecological effect of earth grave inagricultural landscape has positive and negative effects,which has positive influence on biodiversity and soil water increase and cultural services. It has had a negative impact on supply services and the environment.( 3) The effects of earth grave on biodiversity and ecosystem services in landscape are different in different distribution patterns. The positive ecological effect of concentrated distribution and high degree of human management is obvious. In the future,if there is a ranch form,the earth grave can be set up to form a heterogeneous patch. Therefore,the study of the distribution pattern and ecological effect of earth grave in agricultural landscape can provide certain guiding significance for future agricultural production and ecological protection. That is,to reasonably plan the distribution pattern of earth grave and minimize the impact on economic development under the premise of protecting ecological environment,so as to maintain the sustainable development of landscape.更多还原