【摘要】 煤工尘肺是20世纪英国职业健康历史上较为严重的疾病之一。英国对煤工尘肺的认知经历过偏差与曲折的复杂过程,医学界的持续调研和认识深化,确认了过量吸入煤矿粉尘是致病原因。依循发病机理和社会的不断追问,英国逐渐找寻到该职业病的解决之道,确立起较为完善的监管体系和实施机制。在煤工尘肺的预防与治理过程中,矿工工会和国家煤炭局发挥了重要作用,两者在粉尘防治、医学预防和尘肺病患者赔偿等方面通力合作,有效地减缓并抑制了尘肺病的肆虐与蔓延。20世纪英国对煤工尘肺认知与治理的开创性及实践性,为世界其他地区同类职业病的防治提供了有益的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis is one of the most serious diseases in British occupational health history in the 20^th century. The cognition of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in Britain has experienced a complicated process of deviation and twists and turns,and the continuous and deepened investigation by the medical field has identified the excessive inhalation of dust as the fatal cause. Based on pathological mechanism and driven by social inquiry,Britain has gradually found the solution to this occupational disease,establishing a sound framework of supervision and execution. In the process of prevention and treatment of the disease,the miners’ union and the National Coal Bureau had played important roles. They have cooperated in the aspects of dust prevention,medical prevention and compensation for pneumoconiosis patients,effectively slowing down and restraining the spread of pneumoconiosis. As a manifestation of creativity and practicality,the cognition and management of British coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in the 20^th century provide effective experiences and lessons for the prevention and treatment of similar occupational diseases in other regions.更多还原