【摘要】 根据2017年8月北极斯瓦尔巴德地区王湾海域微小型浮游动物调查资料,研究了该区域微小型浮游动物的种类组成及群落特征。结果表明:王湾海域在水深10～50 m内存在一个明显温跃层,该温跃层内水温高于其他水层;不同水层盐度变化表现为从表层到底层逐渐增高的趋势,70 m以深海域的盐度基本保持稳定;微小型浮游动物包括无壳纤毛虫(Aloricate Ciliates)、砂壳纤毛虫(Tintinnida Ciliates)和甲壳类无节幼体(Crustacea Nauplii)3个类别,其中砂壳纤毛虫10种。甲壳类无节幼体和无壳纤毛虫均为微小型浮游动物的优势类群,砂壳纤毛虫中的钝笛杯虫(Ptychocylis obtusa)、挪威棘口虫(Acanthostomella norvegica)、网纹虫(Favella sp.)、百乐拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis beroidea)和白领细壳虫(Stenosemella nivalis)均为优势种类;微小型浮游动物主要集中分布在水体的中上层水域10～30 m,该海域温跃层内微小型浮游动物种类和丰度最为丰富,30 m以浅海域微小型浮游动物丰度约占整个水体微小型浮游动物丰度的54.8%,而100 m以浅海域这一比例高达93%以上,其中10 m层为最多(均值为343.3 ind./L),底层为最少(均值为50.9 ind./L);整个调查区域微小型浮游动物的多样性指数均大于2.5,丰富度指数均大于1.2,均匀度均大于0.7,不同站位多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数波动范围不大,站位间差异不大。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the survied data of nano-and microzooplankton in the Kongsfjorden area of Svalbard in August 2017, the species composition and community characteristics of nano-and microzooplankton in the region were analyzed. The results show that there is a clear thermodynamic layer in the Kongsfjorden area in the water depth of 10-50 m, which is higher than that of other water layers. The salinity gradually increases from the surface to the bottom, and the salinity of 70 m is basically stable in the deep sea. Nano-and microzooplankton includes three categories: Aloricate Ciliates, Tintinnida Ciliates and Crustacea Nauplii. Tintinnida Ciliates include 10 species. Ptychocylis obtuse, Acanthostomella norvegica, Favella sp., Tintinnopsis beroidea and Stenosemella nivalis are dominant species. Nano-and microzooplankton mainly distributes in the upper water. Species and abundance are rich in 10-30 m water layer. Nano-and microzooplankton abundance accounts for about 54.8% in upper 30 m water layers. And it’s more than 93% in the above 100 m water layers. The most of abundance of nano-and microzooplankton(the mean is 343.3 ind./L) is in the 10 m layer, and the lowest(the mean is 50.9 ind./L) is in the bottom. The biodiversity is generally preferable and the differences between different sites are slight.更多还原