【摘要】 一元与多元、普遍与差异,以及与此相关的身份认同问题,是当代西方政治哲学的一个焦点论题。20世纪后半叶,应和世界范围内围绕文化和身份议题同质化与异质化间的紧张关系,文化多元主义主张尊重少数群体的文化权利,要求承认差异公民身份,掀起了一场针对主流普遍公民资格的思想挑战运动,凸显了当今世界对"承认政治""身份政治"话语的特别关注。然而,坚持差异公民身份的文化多元主义,始终面临特殊的差异性诉求的正当性如何证成,身份政治的实质正义能否保障,以及如何平衡差异承认与普遍共识的可能裂隙等诸多理论与实践难题。作为理解现代政治生活重要概念的身份认同,它既不固定,也非生而有之;它可以用来区分,也可以实现统一。与此相关的民族国家建构,既需要保护边缘少数群体,也需要通过达成共识的方式实现共同目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Monism and pluralism, universality and differences, and relevant identity discussions are the current focal issues in Western political philosophy. In the second half of the 20 th century, responding tension between homogenization and heterogenization in culture and identity worldwide, cultural pluralism proposes to respect cultural rights in minority groups and demands acknowledgment of citizenship difference by setting off a movement on challenging and targeting mainstream citizenship qualifications, which highlights special focus on the discourse of "politics of recognition" and "identity politics" in the contemporary world. However, sticking to cultural pluralism on discrepant citizenship always faces uncertainties on the legitimacy of special and different demands, the guarantee of "identity politics" in substantial justice, and possible splits of balancing the difference and universal consensus. In modern society, identity endorsement, an important concept in political life, is not fixed, nor was it born naturally, and it is used for differentiation and unification as well. Identity-related construction of national state needs not only to protect marginal minority groups but also to achieve the common goal through reaching a consensus.更多还原