【摘要】 采用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的追踪数据,以"单独两孩"和"全面两孩"为背景,考察了"两孩"政策对性别收入差距的影响。研究发现:第一,"两孩"政策会显著降低女性收入,并扩大性别收入差距。从政策效应来看,双重差分估计结果表明,"两孩"政策将使得女性收入下降3.8%-4.7%,在纠正了样本选择偏误后,会造成女性收入下降4.5%-7.7%。当改变收入指标衡量、替换样本、更换估计模型后,上述结果均保持稳健。第二,"两孩"政策对不同教育程度的个体收入的影响存在异质性。"两孩"政策对初中及以下学历、高中学历的个体收入没有显著影响,但是会使大专及以上学历个体收入降低6.9%-7.2%,造成高学历个体间的性别收入差距。为充分发挥"两孩"政策的效果,避免性别收入差距的进一步扩大,提出以下政策建议:国家应该健全生育保障制度,通过生育成本的分担来实现共赢;企业应该主动制定针对女性职工的家庭——工作平衡计划,帮助女性职工实现生活和工作关系的平衡;女性自身也要合理安排生活和工作时间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the tracking data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper exa-mines the impact of the "Two Child" policy("selective Two Child" and "comprehensive Two Child" policy)on the gender income gap.The results show that,"Two Child" policy will significantly reduce female income and expand the gender income gap.From the perspective of policy effects,the DID estimation results show that the "Two Child" policy will reduce female income by 3.8%-4.7%.After correcting the sample selection bias,the results indicate that female income will fall by 4.5%-7.7%.These results remained robust after replaces the income indicator,replaces samples and replaces estimation method.Secondly,the influence has the heterogeneity of educational level.The "Two Child" policy has no significant impact on the income of high school graduates and below,but it will significantly reduce the income of college graduates or above by 6. 9%-7. 2%,which means gender income gap will mainly expend between highly educated individuals. Therefore,in order to play the effect of the "Two Child"policy and avoid further expansion of the gender income gap,we have made the following policy recommendations: First,the state should improve the maternity protection system and achieve a win-win situation through the sharing of birth costs. Second,companies should develop a family-work-balance program for women workers to help women workers achieve a balance between life and work. Third,women must also reasonably arrange their lives and work.更多还原