【摘要】 在众多的储氢材料中,轻质储氢材料由于具有极高的质量比容量和体积比容量而受到广泛的关注.然而,热力学稳定性高、动力学性能差等因素,使得轻质储氢材料存在放氢温度高、可逆性差等缺点,限制了其实际应用.本文总结了几种调控轻质储氢材料热力学、动力学性能的方法,着重介绍了镁基储氢材料、硼氢配位氢化物和铝氢配位氢化物的研究进展.首先总结了轻质储氢材料的研究现状、优势与挑战,接着举例分析了合金、纳米化与添加掺杂剂策略的优缺点,对放氢温度与材料吸放氢可逆性的影响,系统归纳了不同的基体、添加剂、制备方法和对应的吸放氢性能数据.最后,详细讨论了掺杂剂、合成方法和调控策略的演变及发展趋势,以及改善热力学、动力学行为的机理,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.更多还原

【Abstract】 As typical high-capacity complex hydrides,lightweight hydrides have attracted intensive attention due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of hydrogen storage. However, lightweight hydrides also have high thermodynamic stability and poor kinetics, so they ususally require high hydrogen desorption temperature and show inferior reversibility under mild conditions. This review summarizes recent progresses on the endeavor of overcoming thermodynamic and kinetic challenges for Mg based hydrides,lightweight metal borohydrides and alanates. First, the current state, advantages and challenges for Mg-based hydrides and lightweight metal hydrides are introduced. Then, alloying,nanoscaling and appropriate doping techniques are demonstrated to decrease the hydrogen desorption temperature and promote the reversibility behavior in lightweight hydrides.Selected scaffolds materials, approaches for synthesis of nanoconfined systems and hydriding-dehydriding properties are reviewed. In addition, the evolution of various dopants and their effects on the hydrogen storage properties of lightweight hydrides are investigated, and the relevant catalytic mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and the sustainable research efforts are discussed.更多还原