【摘要】 要想落实广大青少年核心素养的培育,需要解决两个根本性问题:一是培育的"途径"问题;二是培育的"关键"问题。第一个根本性问题的答案,显然就是要实施STEM的理念与模式。第二个根本性问题的答案,应当是如何落实创造性思维的培养。为了让青少年具有良好的创造性思维素养,必须从培育创造性思维的要素入手。关于创造性思维的片面乃至错误的认识,若不尽快予以批判及清除,将会成为广大青少年培养创造性思维的极大障碍。"横纵思维"是专门应对复杂问题的,与科学的发明和技术的创新有着很密切的关系,要先掌握"复杂性理论"才能理解"横纵思维"的内涵,所以在进行中小学生的创造性思维培养时,可先从其他五个更基本的要素入手。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to implement the cultivation of the key competency of young people, it is necessary to solve two fundamental problems: one is the "pathway" problem of cultivation; the second is the "key" issue of cultivation. The answer to the first question is obviously to implement the concept and model of STEM. The answer to the second fundamental question should be implementing the cultivation of innovative thinking, which means providing teachers with an effective model and method for cultivating "creative thinking" that can be closely integrated with various subjects and can be operated, reproducible and promoted.The so-called creative thinking structure refers to the organic whole of the interaction of divergent thinking, logical thinking, image thinking, intuitive thinking, dialectical thinking and horizontal and vertical thinking, in accordance with their different characteristics and roles.In order to let the teenagers have a good creative thinking, we must start with the elements that foster creative thinking. If the one-sided and even wrong understandings of creative thinking were not criticized and removed as soon as possible, they would become great obstacles for the majority of teenagers to cultivate creative thinking."Horizontal and vertical thinking" specifically addresses complex problems. It has a close relationship with scientific inventions and technological innovations. In order to understand the meaning of "horizontal and vertical thinking", it is necessary to master the "complexity theory" first. So we can start with the other five more basic elements in the cultivation of creative thinking.(1)The cultivation of divergent thinking: The method is "to find the differences in the same situation, to think in the opposite circumstances and to analyze from various directions".(2) The cultivation of intuitive thinking:We must focus on the big picture, grasp the overall situation, encourage speculations, understand the inner connection, and structure and chart the knowledge content.(3)The cultivation of image thinking: Students should be encouraged to observe things carefully, and accumulate the appearance of various things in the process. At the same time, they must use scientific methods to cultivate students’ imagination and association skills.(4) The cultivation of logical thinking: We should implement the cultivation of logical thinking from the specific links of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, judgment, reasoning(including simple reasoning and compound reasoning), and combine them with the teaching of knowledge points of various disciplines(especially mathematics).(5)The cultivation of dialectical thinking: We must pay attention to the investigation and study of things and adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts.更多还原